Question

An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.
Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.
The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (癢的) , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.
It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.
In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.
People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10％ of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.
小題1:Allergies seldom occur in winter because ________.

A．plants don’t usually flower in cold weather

B．people usually wear thick clothes

C．pollen is active below freezing point

D．the weather is too cold for viruses

小題2:What will happen if one’s breathing passages get blocked?

A．It is nothing serious.	B．One’s life is at risk.
C．One has to be sent to hospital.	D．One is sure to breathe easily.

小題3:According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to________.

A．take some medicines to produce antibodies

B．have immediate operations

C．be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance

D．be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances

小題4:The best title would be _______.

A．The ABCs of Allergies	B．The Cause of Allergies
C．The Treatment of Allergies	D．The Prevention of Allergies

Answer 1

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:A

試題分析：本文敘述了過(guò)敏的有關(guān)知識(shí)，人們?cè)谙奶臁⒋禾旎蚯锾煊捎趯?duì)花粉、花、或草過(guò)敏而導(dǎo)致皮膚瘙癢，流淚、紅腫等癥狀。人們必須吃一些過(guò)敏的藥來(lái)抵制這種過(guò)敏。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)呼吸道堵塞而導(dǎo)致呼吸困難時(shí)，人的生命就處于危險(xiǎn)之中，病人必須去就醫(yī)。
小題1:推理判斷題。根據(jù)The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)于花粉過(guò)敏在冬天由于天冷，植物不開花，故選A。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.當(dāng)呼吸通道被堵時(shí)，會(huì)對(duì)人們的生命造成威脅，所以人的生命就處于危險(xiǎn)中，故選B。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.應(yīng)該給病人一些過(guò)敏的藥，直到他抵制過(guò)敏，故選C。
小題4:標(biāo)題歸納題�？v觀全文可知介紹了過(guò)敏的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，故選A。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要實(shí)事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解題和語(yǔ)義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低，只要學(xué)生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。而語(yǔ)義理解題須將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換才能得出結(jié)論。這類題目要求考生能理解原文中某個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語(yǔ)和句子。