What if it isn’t a dog-eat-dog world? What if caring for a dog or for a mom with Alzheimer’s (老年癡呆癥) makes you stronger and allows you to live longer?
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley are challenging our long-held belief that humans are born to be selfish.
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was misunderstood by his male followers, the researchers say. Rather than “every man for himself”, Darwin believed that humans are successful as a species precisely because of our educational, selfless and sympathetic characteristics.
Why has it taken so long for Darwin’s central revelation(揭示) to be properly understood? “We’ve had too many men in social science,” Berkeley psychology professor Dacher Keltner told me in an interview. “Female scientists acknowledge that caring for people is part of human nature according to the research, which shows the human ability to care exists in our brains and nerve systems.”
In my book Passages in Caregiving , I urge women who take the whole responsibility for taking care of an elderly parent or a sick relative to build a “Circle of Care”. Reach out to your brothers and sisters, friends, neighbors and community volunteers to help you care, because no one can perform this overwhelming role alone. You will be as shocked as I to learn how the most selfless caregivers are rewarded with longer life.
Sympathy is not a woman’s word. In fact it makes all of us stronger under stress and more highly respected by our peers. For so long we have repeated the false saying “Nice guys finish last”. But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.
小題1:The first paragraph serves to       .
A．give the background of the topic
B．blame the world for selfishness
C．urge people to care for a dog
D．bring out the topic of the passage
小題2:In Passages in Caregiving, women are advised to     .
A．share the responsibility of caring with others
B．take good care of themselves
C．learn how to live a longer life
D．help as many people as possible
小題3:The underlined words “no spring chickens” in the last paragraph refer to        .
A．rich peopleB．poor peopleC．young peopleD．a(chǎn)ged people
小題4:Why does the author mention the 40 richest Americans’ commitment in this passage?
A．To argue against offering sympathy.
B．To use it as an example to support his opinion.
C．To show their generosity to society.
D．To call on people to learn from them.
小題5:Which of the following might be the BEST title of the passage?
A．Selflessness could be the secret to longer life
B．Darwin’s theory of evolution is out of date now
C．Measures must be taken to improve the world
D．Males and females have different opinions about selflessness

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:B
小題5:A

試題分析：這篇文章主要講述的是無私使人類更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，更長(zhǎng)壽。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。這篇文章通過第一段提出整個(gè)文章的主題思想。故選D
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。在作者的書《看護(hù)》的文章中，作者建議女性要和其他人一起分擔(dān)照顧他人的責(zé)任。故選A
小題3:推斷題。根據(jù)文章中But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens.但是這40個(gè)最富有的捐獻(xiàn)了自己一半的財(cái)富的美國(guó)人都已經(jīng)不再年輕了�？芍�，no spring chickens的意思是年齡大的人。故選D
小題4:推斷題。 根據(jù)文章最后一段But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.可知，作者最后使用一個(gè)例子來支持的他的觀點(diǎn)：好人活的最長(zhǎng)。故選B
小題5:主旨題。這篇文章講述的是無私的人總是更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，壽命也更長(zhǎng)。故選A
點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章重在理解作者的感情基調(diào)，從全文來看，作者主要表達(dá)了無私使人類更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，更長(zhǎng)壽的觀點(diǎn)，由此可見對(duì)于議論文的文章重在把握作者的感情色彩，答題時(shí)不斷提醒自己作者在講什么，作者的是在褒義還是在貶斥，這一點(diǎn)非常重要。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）
John, a famous musician, took his priceless zither (齊特琴) and played it in the crowded subway station. The music from the zither was delicately streaming __1__ the whole station. However, during the one-hour play only six or seven people truly __2__ the charming music. A three-year-old kid was so __3__ by the music that he forgot everything around. John only got 52 U.S. dollars for his work that day.
__4__, in normal days, when John is about to hold a concert, the ticket can be sold for more than 100 dollars and it is extremely __5__ to buy a ticket even at such a high price. Therefore, later, many __6__ in the station that day felt deeply regretful for not __7__ the famous musician and missing such a valuable but __8__ music feast.
I have a very busy friend who totally __9__ after knowing that his wife came down with a deadly illness. He cooked by himself for the family and took a walk with his wife every day. But his wife still did not __10__ to conquer the illness and passed away after three months. After that, he often sighed miserably that __11__ his past busy life, he had missed a lot of beautiful time with his wife. But now it is impossible to __12__ it.
Actually, I also missed something __13__ before. The __14__ we missed those things is simple: we had thought that we could still own them __15__.
Yet tomorrow is actually by no means __16__. There was a famous Buddhist monk saying that in many people’s __17__, they had only done two things: waiting and regretting. The result is that they were always too late to __18__ what they had. We would often claim to do something when we grow up, or when we have money or when we become old, etc. However, when we reach the __19__ we have expected, we could no longer __20__ our wish, because we have lost it by then.
小題1:
A．throughoutB．beforeC．a(chǎn)boveD．for
小題2:
A．heardB．a(chǎn)ppreciatedC．foundD．a(chǎn)bsorbed
小題3:
A．a(chǎn)ttractedB．confusedC．excitedD．stuck
小題4:
A．ThereforeB．HoweverC．ThenD．Also
小題5:
A．convenientB．necessaryC．easyD．hard
小題6:
A．listenersB．passers-byC．viewersD．children
小題7:
A．greetingB．recognizingC．payingD．contacting
小題8:
A．commonB．meaningfulC．cheapD．expensive
小題9:
A．escapedB．a(chǎn)bandonedC．submittedD．changed
小題10:
A．decideB．wantC．manageD．a(chǎn)gree
小題11:
A．a(chǎn)s withB．thanks toC．due toD．a(chǎn)s for
小題12:
A．come up withB．look forward to
C．make up forD．look back on
小題13:
A．difficultB．presentC．preciousD．delightful
小題14:
A．reasonB．originC．chanceD．result
小題15:
A．todayB．nowadaysC．yesterdayD．tomorrow
小題16:
A．reliableB．easyC．comfortableD．charming
小題17:
A．livesB．worksC．plansD．tasks
小題18:
A．protectB．missC．suggestD．value
小題19:
A．topB．conditionC．successD．scene
小題20:
A．sayB．understandC．forgetD．realize

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Almost two-thirds of children want their parents to spend more time reading to them before bed, and most prefer Mum’s storytelling to Dad’s, researchers said.
They carried out a study that showed younger children aged 3-4 were most hungry for more stories, with over three-quarters saying they wished their parents read to them more often.
More than half of all children aged 3-8 said story time was their favourite pastime with their parents.
"The results of our research confirm the traditional activity of storytelling continues to be a powerful learning and emotional resource in children's lives," said child psychologist Richard Woolfson.
Storytelling ranked higher than television or video games among pastimes for kids, and 82 percent said reading a story with their parents helped them sleep better, according the survey of 500 children aged 3-8 in Britain.
The best storytellers were mothers who used funny voices to illustrate different characters or made their own special sound effects to keep the story moving, researchers said.
When mum and dad are not at hand, celebrities(名人) will do: over 30 percent of children said they would like to hear a bedtime story from Harry Potter star Daniel Radcliffe, with teen idols(偶像) Zac Efron, Miley Cyrus and Emma Watson.
"It can be very difficult for parents to find the time to read with their children, but these moments can help build strong relations and play a vital part in their child's development," said Woolfson.
小題1:The underlined word “pastime” in the passage most probably means          .
A．old timeB．entertainment C．emotion D．character
小題2:The author develops the passage mainly by        .
A．pointing out similarities and differences B．following the natural time order
C．comparing opinions from different fields D．providing examples and statistics
小題3:Reading a story with their parents helped most kids aged 3-8         .
A．grow strongerB．become more emotionalC．sleep betterD．become more powerful

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

The car, running along the well-lit road now sank in darkness. I broke the   36     on purpose, for fear that the driver was too tired to drive. “When do you go back home in the evening?”“9 o’clock after this trip.” Then when do you come out in the morning?”I   37   another question. “9 o’ clock, too—just as if I worked at an office.” His easiness surprised me, because every time I ride a taxi, what I        38   from the driver are only complaints that they have to work from morning till night, it’s hard to earn money, they’re often  39  by the police, or that their leaders are seated   40  , enjoying the fruits. But this driver told me, “I find it   41  to be a section chief as I was before. I like driving just for pleasure. It’s fortunate that I      42   drive without a passenger. So I earn two or three thousand Yuan a month with ease. Yes, I never   43   an empty taxi. If it goes southward, I go northward. If it goes along a highway, I turn into a narrow street…”
His words showed his   44   with his life and the pride he   45   in his
job. Such feelings are so  46   among people nowadays as oxygen in high mountain. How many people nowadays can show high ideals by simple living and go far with a calm mind? I couldn’t help feeling moved when finding such a state of mind in a stranger on a cold  47  .
小題1:
A．windowB．carC．silenceD．promise
小題2:
A．threw outB．gave awayC．put upD．led to
小題3:
A．sufferB．requestC．benefitD．hear
小題4:
A．detectedB．orderedC．finedD．seized
小題5:
A．noisyB．lazyC．tiredD．hungry
小題6:
A．excitingB．disappointingC．tiringD．a(chǎn)mazing
小題7:
A．hardlyB．usuallyC．a(chǎn)ctuallyD．immediately
小題8:
A．followB．a(chǎn)dmireC．envyD．meet
小題9:
A．intelligenceB．satisfactionC．competitionD．honesty
小題10:
A．madeB．heldC．caughtD．took
小題11:
A．rareB．comfortableC．specialD．unique
小題12:
A．morningB．nightC．momentD．season

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

D
At the railway stations all across Britain next week, groups of students will gather with their backpacks to wait for the trains that will carry them home for Christmas. This is a large movement of human beings as before, but with more contradictory traffic flows, so that trains filled with the young pass each other travelling in every direction.
At first, I went home every weekend with my washing, but then those visits became less regular. How did I let my parents know I was coming? They had no phone. Perhaps I wrote to them (“Expect me with dirty shirts this Friday afternoon”), but more likely I didn’t let them know, and just turned up or didn’t turn up, not understanding that my parents’ hopes of seeing me were a greater disappointment of my carelessness than a spoiled tea.
And in all this I suspect I was typical (有代表性的), at least of young men. As for our fathers and mothers, none of them talked of “empty-nest syndrome (綜合癥)”, even though its possible effect that the main human duty is to protect and feed the young would have suited their generation better than ours. Then, the feeling of loss went without a name. Today, it’s a condition with remedies, which will make parents feel more enjoyable in their life, The Mayo Clinic, for example, suggests you try to maintain regular contact with your children through “visits, phone calls, emails, texts or video chats”. If you feel unhappy, lean on (depend on … for support) loved ones or your mental health providers. Above all, stay positive: “Thinking about the extra time and energy that you might have to devote to your marriage or personal interests after your last child leaves home, it might help you adapt to this major life change.”
What can’t be denied, however, is that children often leave home. In modern societies, this is what they do. Christmas is the very time they can be depended on to return. For the non-religious, that may be this season’s true comfort and significance.
小題1:The main reason for the busy traffic across Britain next week is that _______.
A．young students will travel home for Christmas.
B．young people will travel in every direction.
C．it is a large movement of human beings
D．the traffic flows will be more contradictory
小題2:From the second paragraph we can learn that the writer _______.
A．went home every week to wash dirty clothes
B．understood his parents’ desire of seeing him
C．didn’t understand his parents’ feelings
D．went home to see his parents regularly
小題3:The underlined word “remedies” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.
A．reasonsB．excusesC．habitsD．solutions
小題4:From the last paragraph we know that _______.
A．in modern society, children should leave home
B．Christmas is likely a time for family reunion
C．the significance of Christmas is celebration
D．Christmas is not a comfort for the non-religious
小題5:From the passage we can infer that by writing the article the writer is to _______.
A．persuade the young to show concern for their parents
B．a(chǎn)sk the young to go home regularly
C．make the young understand their parents’ interest
D．enable the young to be more independent

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
The world always makes way for the dreamer.
When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Zigler. I remember sitting in that dark hall listening to Mr. Zigler  36  everyone’s spirits up to the ceiling, I   37  there feeling like I could do anything. When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to  38  people feel like that.” My father asked me  39  I meant. “I want to be a motivational （激勵(lì)人的）speaker just like Mr. Zigler,”I replied. A  40   was born.
Recently, I began seeking my dream of motivating others.  41   a four-year relationship with Fortune 100 Company  42  as a sales-trainer and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my  43  . Many people were  44  that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked  45  I would risk everything for a dream.
I made my   46   to start my own company and leave my secure position after   47  a regional sales meeting. The vice-president of our company delivered a  48  that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be?” After giving us a  49  to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a   50  ?” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment. I realized that   51   I had accomplished in the past had prepared me for this moment. I was ready and didn’t need a god’s help to become a motivational speaker. A motivational speaker was  52   .
Having made that decision, I was immediately  53  .One week after I gave notice, my husband was laid off from his job, and now we had no  54  . But I held fast to my dream. The wonder really began to happen. In a short time my husband found a better job．And I was able to book several  55  engagements with new customers. I discovered the incredible power of dreams.
小題1:
A．raiseB．blowC．putD．rise
小題2:
A．slippedB．cameC．a(chǎn)rrivedD．left
小題3:
A．getB．makeC．hopeD．cheer
小題4:
A．thatB．whichC．whatD．if
小題5:
A．speakerB．ideaC．girlD．dream
小題6:A．Because    B．Before   C After          D．While
小題7:
A．regardingB．workingC．a(chǎn)ctingD．beginning
小題8:
A．lifeB．loveC．incomeD．career
小題9:
A．surprisedB．movedC．disappointed D．delighte
小題10:
A．whenB．ifC．whyD．how
小題11:
A．planB．decisionC．promiseD．mind
小題12:
A．enteringB．joiningC．a(chǎn)ttendingD．holding
小題13:
A．speech B．bookC．reportD．newspaper
小題14:
A．dayB．secondC．weekD．moment
小題15:
A．helpB．godC．jobD．company
小題16:
A．somethingB．a(chǎn)nythingC．nothingD．everything
小題17:
A．a(chǎn)liveB．bornC．missingD．dead
小題18:
A．testedB．searchedC．checkedD．examined
小題19:
A．helpB．harmC．incomeD．money
小題20:
A．sellingB．speaking C．writingD．listening

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

When I was young, I belonged to a club that did community service work. There was one specific event that was   1    for me. I spent three or four hours handing out warm dinner to the ___2_ out in the streets. After that I went to a homeless shelter(避難所) not far from the Bay Bridge. I was in high school and at the time my sister was too young to join in . She wanted to help,   3    she made many chocolate chip cookies for me to __4_____ and hand out to people. When getting to the shelter, I passed out the   5   . I began making sandwiches and shared them with the crowd. I had the containers with my sister’s cookies in them and began to walk around, offering them to anyone near me.
I walked   6  to an old gentleman and said, “Sir, would you like a cookie?” He stopped and turned around, looked at me   7  and said, “What did you say? Did you call me sir?” I told him I had , and his eyes  8  a little bit and said, “No one has ever called me sir.” So he was completely   9 . It struck me.
I explained I had been raised that regardless of (不顧)   10  and social status（地位）, everyone deserved(值得）  11 . It saddened me to think that just because he was homeless, no one offered him the honor . It broke my heart. I just didn’t understand   12  no one ever called him sir. I had never thought that anyone was   13   me because I wasn’t raised that way. Every single person deserves to be treated with respect. Years later, I still carry that   14    and the lesson it taught me. Somtimes, what we take for granted can really make a difference in   15  life.
小題1:
A．uncommonB．unusualC．universalD．simple
小題2:
A．winnersB．losersC．hopelessD．homeless
小題3:
A．butB．soC．whileD．though
小題4:
A．enjoyB．eatC．take D．produce
小題5:
A．mealsB．cookiesC．chocolatesD．chips
小題6:
A．nearB．closeC．forwardD．a(chǎn)long
小題7:
A．brieflyB．swiftlyC．highlyD．directly
小題8:
A．criedB．openedC．wateredD．lit
小題9:
A．disappointedB．movedC．spoiledD．relieved
小題10:
A．incomeB．painC．colourD．goal
小題11:
A．respectB．praiseC．happinessD．laughter
小題12:
A．whatB．howC．whyD．whether
小題13:
A．in front ofB．belowC．behindD．beside
小題14:
A．wordB．memoryC．feelingD．sadness
小題15:
A．someone’sB．a(chǎn)nyone’sC．everyone’sD．no one’s

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, "Well, it's so-and-so's fault. "or "I know I'm late, but it's not my fault; the car broke down. " It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner's key to success.
Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don't rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.
This is what being a winner is all about-creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don't have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on "whose fault it is." Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.
小題1:According to the passage, winners ______.
A．meet with fewer difficulties in their lives
B．deal with problems rather than blame others
C．have responsible and able colleagues
D．blame themselves rather than others
小題2:The underlined word “remedy” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A．a(chǎn)voidB．a(chǎn)cceptC．improveD．consider
小題3:When your colleague brings about a problem, you should ______.
A．find a better way to handle the problem
B．blame him for his lack of responsibility
C．tell him to find the cause of the problem
D．a(chǎn)sk a more able colleague for help
小題4:When problems occur, winners take them as______.
A．excuses for their failuresB．barriers to greater power
C．challenges to their colleaguesD．chances for self-development
小題5:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．A Winner's Secret.B．A Winner's Achievement.
C．A Winner's Opportunity.D．A Winner's Problem.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I am a good mother to three children. I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent.
I no longer consider myself the center of the universe. I listen. I try to laugh. I am a good friend to my husband. I have tried to make marriage vows (誓約) mean what they say. I am a good friend to my friends, and they to me. Without them, there would be nothing to say to you today.
So here’s what I wanted to tell you today: Get a life. A real life, not a desire of the next promotion (提升)， the bigger paycheck, the larger house.
Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who love you. And remember that love is not leisure (空閑), it is work. Pick up the phone. Send an e-mail. Write a letter. And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted.
It is so easy to waste our lives, our days, our hours, our minutes. It is so easy to exist instead of to live. I learned to live many years ago. Something really, really bad happened to me, something that changed my life in ways that, if I had my choice, it would never have been changed at all. And what I learned from it is what, today, seems to be the hardest lesson of all.
I learned to love the journey, not the destination. I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it, completely and totally. And I tried to do that, in part, by telling others what I had learned. By telling them this: Read in the backyard with the sun on your face. Learn to be happy. And think of life as a deadly illness, because if you do, you will live it with joy and passion as it ought to be lived.
小題1:The best title of this passage probably is ________.
A．Love your friendsB．Live a real life
C．Don’t waste timeD．Be a good mother and wife
小題2:How did the author form her view of life?
A．By working and social experience
B．Learning from her friends.
C．Through an unfortunate experience.
D．Because of her children and husband.
小題3:The underlined sentence “It is so easy to exist instead of to live” in the fifth paragraph probably means ______.
A．it is so easy to keep alive but not to live a real life
B．it is very hard to live a real life
C．it is more difficult to exist than to live a happy life
D．it is so easy to make a living
小題4:What is the author’s attitude toward work?
A．Do it well to serve others.
B．To earn enough money to make life better.
C．Try your best to get higher position and pay.
D．Don’t let it affect your real life.
小題5:It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．the author is a success in personal life
B．the author didn’t try her best to work well
C．the author spent all her time caring for her children
D．the author likes traveling very much

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