When we say older people shrink, we don’t mean they become tiny enough to fit in your pocket! We just mean that it’s common for older people to become a little shorter over time. This kind of shrinking can’t be reversed, although people can slow or stop this process. But why does shrinking happen at all?

Because of gravity (that force that keeps your feet on the ground) , cushions between the bones in the spine (脊骨), get compressed (壓縮), which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.

Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨質(zhì)疏松). Osteoporosis occurs when bone is broken down and not enough new bone material is made. Over time, bone is said to be lost because it’s not being replaced. Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured.

Older people — especially women, who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with — are more likely to develop osteoporosis. As years go by, a person with osteoporosis can get small breaks in bones that are called compression fractures. These breaks cause collapse of the spine and over time the person with osteoporosis can become hunched over (駝背).

Did you know that every day you shrink a little, too? You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That’s because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed due to gravity, making you just a tiny bit shorter. Don’t worry, though. Once you get a good night’s rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you’re standing tall again!

Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.

1.Which of the following statements is true?

A．For shrinking, people can do nothing about it.

B．If someone is injured, he will become shorter.

C．Women have smaller and lighter bones than men.

D．We aren’t as tall at the end of the day as we are at the beginning.

2.What should we do if we don’t want to shrink faster?

A．We should try to reduce gravity.

B．We should be careful not to be hurt by others.

C．We should sleep as long as possible.

D．We should keep away from smoking and drinking alcohol.

3.What is the topic of the passage?

A．How can we stop shrinking?

B．Why do we shrink?

C．Some tips on how to keep tall.

D．How to live a healthy life.

4.About osteoporosis we know that _______.

A．gravity is one of the causes of osteoporosis

B．once our bone is broken down, osteoporosis will occur

C．women are more likely to develop osteoporosis

D．if we develop osteoporosis, we are more likely to be shorter

5.What will the author talk about in the paragraph to be followed?

A．Tell us how to grow taller.

B．Tell us how to become healthier.

C．Tell us how to avoid being shrinking.

D．Tell us what to do to have strong bones.

 

【答案】

1.D

2.D

3.B

4.D

5.D

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要闡述了人變矮的現(xiàn)象，分析了人變矮的原因，原來是因?yàn)槲覀兊墓穷^發(fā)生了變化，如骨質(zhì)疏松等。

1.D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句You aren’t as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning.可知人在早晨要比晚上要更高，故D正確。

2.D 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse. Want to do something right now to build strong bones? I believe what I say will help you.

可知抽煙和喝酒會(huì)讓情況更嚴(yán)重，那么如果你不想變矮，那么你就不要抽煙和喝酒。故D正確。

3.B 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段最后一句But why does shrinking happen at all?

可知本文講述的主要是為什么人會(huì)收縮，變矮？故B正確。

4.D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis (骨質(zhì)疏松).可知骨質(zhì)疏松也是人變矮的原因之一，也就是書如果一個(gè)人患了骨質(zhì)疏松，那么他也可能變矮。故D正確。

5.D 推理題。本文主要分析了人變矮的原因，原來是因?yàn)槲覀兊墓穷^發(fā)生了變化，如骨質(zhì)疏松等。接下來應(yīng)該具體說明我們?nèi)绾巫屪约旱墓穷^變得更為堅(jiān)固。故D正確。

考點(diǎn)：考察科普說明文閱讀

點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文主要闡述了人變矮的現(xiàn)象，分析了人變矮的原因。本文以細(xì)節(jié)題的考查為主，細(xì)節(jié)題是針對(duì)文中某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)、某句話或某部分具體內(nèi)容設(shè)置問題，正確答案的根據(jù)一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改寫往往成為正確選項(xiàng)。通常細(xì)節(jié)題的正確選項(xiàng)有以下特征：對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，成為正確選項(xiàng)。詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變?cè)木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，成為正確答案。

 

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