We each have a unique genetic (基因的，遺傳的) make-up. Every cell of your body has the same set of about 100,000 separate genes made of DNA. These are the instructions for producing a person. Genes decide everything from the colour of your skin to the way your brain works. You have one of several billion combinations of DNA which come from the random mixing of your parents’ genes. Except for identical twins (同卵雙胞胎), no one has the same combination as another person. You are unique! You are unique in another way too: in the way you are raised and all the experiences you have from before birth to adult life. These experiences influence you, your behaviour and attitudes, and the choices you make.

But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping your appearance and personality? Scientists are studying twins to find out. One set of twins occurs every 70 births---some are identical and others are non-identical twins. Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment. Non-identical twins are more like ordinary brothers and sisters.

Some identical twins have been adopted and brought up in different homes. With identical genes but a different home environment, scientists can study twins to see how much a particular feature depends on the genes we inherit. For example, we know that eye problems, like short-sightedness, are mostly genetic. But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences. Genes also influence our eating habits. Identical twins brought up apart often like to eat at the same time of day and feel full after eating the same amount. Non-identical twins in similar circumstances have more varied eating habits. Identical twins are also more likely to follow the same patterns for marriage and divorce than non-identical twins.

Scientists are trying to identify the different genes that influence our behaviour. Some people are thrill-seekers and get into risk-taking and adventurous activities. They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs. Scientists have discovered a gene which affects this.

We could ask, “Are our lives determined by our genes or our upbringing?” Scientists are learning more all the time, but it is certainly true that both are important in making us who we are.

1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

   A. We cannot easily change our physical appearance.

   B. How we turn out depends on our parents’ genes.

   C. Everyone has a physical double somewhere in the world.

   D. Both our genes and our experiences make us who we are.

2.Why are scientists studying twins?

   A. To find out how many twins are born every year.

   B. To discover what shapes us as individuals.

   C. To compare differences between twins.

   D. To study brother-and-sister relationships.

3.According to the passage, __________.

   A. one in 70 twins are genetically identical

   B. non-identical twins are usually not of the same sex

   C. twins separated at birth behave exactly the same

   D. identical twins are genetically the same

4.Which of the following is most affected by experience according the passage?

   A. Eating habits.   B. Eye-sight.   C. Pain resistance.   D. Marriage patterns.

5.What does the underlined “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

   A. Our love of sport.             B. Our attitude to risk-taking.

   C. Our skill at bungee jumping.    D. Our ability to take drugs.

 

【答案】

 

1.D

2.B

3.D

4.C

5.B

【解析】究竟是遺傳還是環(huán)境導致了我們的個性？文章對此進行了說明。

1.D 段落大意題。第一段講述的正是基因和個人經(jīng)歷塑造了每個人。前半段講述的是基因的作用，后半部分講述的是個人經(jīng)歷的作用，故D正確。

2.B 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段1,2行But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping your appearance and personality? Scientists are studying twins to find out可知B 正確。正是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么形成了我的個性，所以才催基因基本一樣的雙胞胎進行研究。

3.D 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段3,4行Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment.可知D正確。

4.C 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段4,5行But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences.說明C正確。、

5.B 猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第四段2,3行Some people are thrill-seekers and get into risk-taking and adventurous activities. They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs.說明這里的it就是指人們喜愛冒險活動原因。故B正確。

 

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