The modern Olympic Games, founded in 1896, began as contests between individuals, rather than among nations, with the hope of promoting world peace through sportsmanship. In the beginning, the games were open only to amateurs. An amateur is a person whose involvement in an activity---from sports to science or the arts---is purely for pleasure. Amateurs, whatever their contributions to a field, expect to receive no form of compensation ; professionals, in contrast, perform their work in order to earn a living.
From the perspective of many athletes, however, the Olympic playing field has been far from level. Restricting the Olympics to amateurs has precluded(妨礙) the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid. Countries have always desired to send their best athletes, not their wealthiest ones, to the Olympic Games.
A slender and imprecise line separates what we call “financial support” from “earning money.” Do athletes “earn money” if they are reimbursed(補償) for travel expenses? What if they are paid for time lost at work or if they accept free clothing from a manufacturer or if they teach sports for a living? The runner Eric Liddell was the son of poor missionaries; in 1924 the British Olympic Committee financed his trip to the Olympics, where he won a gold and a bronze medal. College scholarships and support from the United States Olympic Committee made it possible for American track stars Jesse Owens and Wilma Rudolph and speed skater Dan Jansen to train and compete. When the Soviet Union and its allies joined the games in 1952, the definition of amateur became still muddier. Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.
In 1971 the International Olympic Committee(IOC) removed the word amateur from the rules, making it easier for athletes to find the support necessary to train and compete. In 1986 the IOC allowed professional athletes into the games.
There are those who regret the disappearance of amateurism from the Olympic Games. For them the games lost something special when they became just another way for athletes to earn money. Others say that the designation of amateurism was always questionable; they argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an “amateur” will continue for a long time.
【小題1】 One might infer that _______________________.
A.developing Olympic-level skills in athletes is costly |
B.professional athletes are mostly interested in financial rewards |
C.amateurs does not expect to earn money at the sport that is played |
D.amateurs have a better attitude than professionals do |
A.the ground the athletes played on was in bad condition |
B.the poorer players were given some advantages |
C.the rules did not work the same way for everyone |
D.amateurs were inferior to the professionals in many ways |
A.a gift received on a special occasion, such as a birthday |
B.money received from a winning lottery ticket |
C.an allowance paid to a child |
D.money from charity organization |
A.has held firm to its original vision of the Olympic games |
B.has struggled with the definition of amateur over the years |
C.regards itself as an organization for professional athletes only |
D.did nothing but stop allowing communists to participate |
【小題1】A
【小題2】C
【小題3】C
【小題4】B
解析試題分析:本文敘述了奧運會的歷史,最初,奧運會是由業(yè)余愛好者參加的,他們不需要給錢,只是為了娛樂,到后來為了通過體育運動推進世界和平,才有了各國派出的專業(yè)的運動員參加的奧運會。
【小題1】推理判斷題。根據(jù)they argue that all competitors receive so much financial support as to make them paid professionals. 可以推出培養(yǎng)一個運動員花費是很大的,故選A。
【小題2】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Restricting the Olympics to amateurs has precluded(妨礙) the participation of many who could not afford to be unpaid.故選C。
【小題3】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Their athletes did not have to balance jobs and training because as citizens in communist regimes, their government financial support was not considered payment for jobs.所以蘇維埃政府給運動員的錢就像給孩子的零花錢,故選C。
【小題4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Most agree, however, that the debate over what constitutes an “amateur” will continue for a long time.故選B。
考點:歷史類短文閱讀。
點評:推理判斷題屬于主觀題,是層次較高的題目。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存,推理是為了做出正確的判斷,正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。該題要求在理解表面文字的基礎上做出判斷和推論,從而得到文章的隱含意思和深層意思,也就是通過文章中的文字信息,上下邏輯關系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知信息,推斷出作者沒有直接表達的態(tài)度和觀點。
科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
The “Sepik Spirit”, constructed in 1989, is built specially to suit the demands of a shallow riverboat for guiding inland waterways. Its shallow draft allows passengers into distant corners of the Sepik Region and areas not otherwise accessible to larger boats. It was refurbished(裝修) in early 2006 to ensure that the Sepik Spirit meets the expectations of the modern travellers. The refurbishment includes new interior and improved noise resistance.
The Sepik Spirit holds 18 passengers in 9 twin bedrooms each with private bathroom. Onboard facilities include a dining room, living room, bar, video and covered upper observatory deck(甲板). The entire boat is air-conditioned. Because the Sepik Spirit is designed to operate in this unique environment, she is the ideal size for exploration. This, combined with small passenger numbers, allows the travellers an excellent experience to little visited areas.
Day trips from the Sepik Spirit are done in an 18-seater riverboat, also designed for the operation. Their open-air design gives the travellers a sense of place, a feeling for the river and its people.
Areas that the Sepik Spirit and her guests may visit are the Karawari River, Blackwater Lakes, Chambri Lakes, the Middle Sepik and the Upper Sepik. The river banks where the boat operates are dotted with many large traditional villages each with its own unique “Haus Tambaran” or spirit house decorated with ancestral figures. Mix with the friendly people and experience a culture that meets very few outsiders.
Please E-Mail if you want to know more about us.
Please note that private touring and transfers are not available on the Sepik Spirit.
Please note that Sepik Spirit departure and termination(終結,終點) points sometimes change without notice.
AIR TRANSFER COST: US$375.00 one way
The “Sepik Spirit” is a riverboat ________.
A. specially designed and built for the local transportation
B. built and refurbished in 1989
C. providing good conditions for a small number of tourists
D. traveling in the day only
The Sepik Spirit boat is most possibly named after ________.
A. a person
B. an animal
C. a building
D. a river
A passenger chooses to travel on the Sepik Spirit most possibly because he is interested in ________.
A. boat making
B. river traveling
C. the unique scenery and culture in this area
D. the excellent conditions and service of the boat
Which of the following factors about taking the Sepik Spirit is right?
A. You can send an E-mail for further information.
B. You can rent the boat for yourself if you please.
C. The schedule of the boat trip will be strictly followed.
D. A Sepik Spirit trip will cost you US$375.00 one way.
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In many homes, divorce is caused by the “battle between the sexes.” To understand the problem, one must remember that the modern American woman is freed. During childhood and adolescence(青少年期), the American girl is given freedom and education which is equal to a boy's. After completing school, she is able to get a job and support herself. She doesn't have to marry for financial security. She considers herself an independent, self-sufficient person. She wants a husband whom she can respect, but she doesn't want to be dominated(控制) by him. She wants a democratic household in which she has a voice in making decisions. When a husband and wife are able to share decisionmaking, their marriage is probably closer, stronger, and more satisfying. Otherwise, the couple is likely to wind up in the divorce court.
When a couple gets divorced, the court usually requires the man to pay his former wife a monthly sum of money. If the couple has children, they usually remain with the mother, and the father is expected to pay for their support.
Although divorce is quite common in the United States, 80 percent of those who get divorced remarry. The remarriages allow thousands of people, especially children, to enjoy family life again, but at the same time many troubles have arisen. A well-known American joke tells of a wife calling to her second husband, “Quick, John! Come here and help me! Your children are beating up our chidlren!”
What causes most of the divorce cases in the U.S.A.?
A.Financial trouble in the family.
B.Women's liberation movement.
C.Different attitudes towards children's education.
D.Lack of democratic atmosphere in the household.
What do you know of modern American women, according to the passage?
A.They are overbearing and hardworking.
B.They are more independent than ever.
C.They do not have much say in the household.
D.They respect their husbands, but do not rely on them.
What kind of marriage can be successful?
A.Both the man and woman are financially secure.
B.Husband and wife share housework.
C.Both the man and woman are well-educated.
D.Decisions are made by the man and woman together.
What happens when a couple is divorced, according to the passage?
A.The children become homeless.
B.The man is still responsible for the welfare of his children.
C.Life becomes difficult for the woman and her children.
D.The man, rather than the woman, remarries soon.
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科目:高中英語 來源:湖南省高考適應性測試英語 題型:閱讀理解
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The narrow streets of the older parts of the town are appealing the visitors to take nice long walk and settle in some of the many restaurants, which offer top-quality foods at a low price. The buildings there are mostly tower-shaped,and so Prague is called “city of a hundred spires.”
Mauritius
Also known as the Paradise on Earth, Mauritius lies about 560 miles (900 km) east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. It is a place of magnificent natural beauty coupled with excellent customer service, which makes for an unforgettable romantic experience at the edge of the world’s warmest ocean.
There are lots to see and do in Mauritius: the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) surrounding the island offer stunning beauty and great underwater adventures to those who want to dive into the precious waters. The nature of Mauritius mostly resembles that of Paradise, allowing every couple visiting this island to feel like Adam and Eve. That is an experience nobody would want to miss!
Cyprus
The very name Cyprus, it has been said, glitters with an age-old myth. Today, history and hedonism (快樂論) are comfortably mixed on the island. Some five-star resorts within walking distance of well-preserved Greek and Roman ruins offer the convenience the modern traveler has come to expect.
Cyprus features a romantic history, as it was Anthony’s gift to his beloved Cleopatra during the glorious days of the Roman Empire. Maybe that is why you feel always a little special once you set foot on Cyprus.
For more information about many other most romantic places in the world, just log on at http://www.jurgita.com.
1.The underlined word “spires” in Paragraph 2 means .
A. narrow streets B. inexpensive restaurants
C. top-quality foods D. tower-shaped buildings
2.We learn from the text that Mauritius .
A. is part of Madagascar B. is an ideal destination for couples
C. is in central Indian Ocean D. is most famous for its good service
3.What makes Cyprus different from the other two places?
A. It is located on an island. B. It offers charming resorts.
C. It was given as a present. D. It has a very long history.
4.A common feature of Mauritius and Cyprus is that they are .
A. old B. romantic
C. rich D. mysterious
5.What is the main purpose of the author?
A. To attract more visitors. B. To tell traveling experiences.
C. To sell information on line. D. To introduce historical places.
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科目:高中英語 來源:吉林省2010屆高三第八次模擬考試英語試卷 題型:單項填空
The government should protect the old valuable buildings ____ they are not in harmony with the modern ones nearby.
A.even though B.as if C.even so D.now that
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科目:高中英語 來源:全國通用2010屆高考閱讀理解專項練習 題型:閱讀理解
B
People tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email. Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this.
The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a problem. They had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers. Dr. Johnson said, “They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation.”
Generally the information was not extremely personal. It was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live. But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences.
Dr Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras. “If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself. This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking,” said Dr. Johnson. However, this style of talking is not entirely new. “In the 19th century people started to use the ‘telegraph’ to communicate. Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely.”
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60. The subject discussed in this passage is _______.
A. how people open up when emailing B. how people do research studies
C. how to communicate at work D. how to discuss and solve a problem
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A. they didn’t talk about very personal things B. they couldn’t see each other
C. the cameras on the computers were turned on D. they had to discuss a question
62. What does the underlined sentence refer to?
A. The telegraph. B. The computer. C. Emailing. D. Face-to-face talk.
63. In the writer’s opinion, one should ______.
A. focus on oneself when emailing B. talk more freely in emails than usual
C. discuss any subject that one wants to D. consider how one uses email at work
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