根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下邊的A—F選項(xiàng)中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

A . The different structure of blue holes.????????

B. Why scientists are interested in blue holes.????????

C. How a blue hole comes into being.

D. Blue holes exploring is becoming popular.

E. Rules to obey when diving into blue holes.

F. The general definition of a blue hole.

1.______________

??? A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land's surface. These cave systems form in carbonate rock, often on islands. Some blue holes have very special rock formations and water chemistry. Far below sea level, they contain some of the harshest environments on Earth, with no oxygen and no light. Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have adapted to the extreme conditions.

2.___________

??? Blue holes get their name from the color some have when seen from the air. The color is usually a reflection of the sky on the water. Blue holes are the result of erosion in which water breaks down rock. Rain falling thousands of years ago contained chemicals which slowly wore away at the limestone landmass. These holes later filled with sea water as the sea level changed. The rising and falling of sea levels and the mixture of salt and fresh water further wore away at these cave formations.

3.___________

??? These flooded cave systems can be found in the ocean, or they can be found inland. Ocean caves are affected by tides, so they always have water movement. But blue holes on land are very still. They have several layers of water, chemicals, and bacteria. The top layer of fresh water comes from rainfall. This layer acts like a cap on top of the layered mixture, and keeps out oxygen from the atmosphere. The fresh water floats on a denser layer of saltwater. Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide, produced by bacteria living in the water. Underneath this layer is anoxic seawater -- water that does not contain any oxygen.

4.___________

??? Information gathered from these blue holes is helping scientists to increase their understanding of biology, archaeology and geology. But exploring these blue hole environments brings danger as well as discovery. Scientists are interested in these caves because oxygen-free conditions there are similar to those on Earth long ago, before oxygen existed on our planet. But there are many difficulties involved in diving into blue holes.

5.___________

One reason blue holes have not been fully explored is that they can be extremely dangerous. There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival. First, divers must have training and experience to swim in these caves. Divers who explore a cave for the first time must establish a thin rope called a guideline. This line helps them to safely enter and exit the cave without getting lost.

 

【答案】

1.F

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.E

【解析】

試題分析：文章介紹了探索地球上神秘的藍(lán)洞，包括藍(lán)洞的定義，藍(lán)洞是怎么形成的，藍(lán)洞的不同的結(jié)構(gòu)等。

1.考查段落大意和句意理解：根據(jù)這段的句子：A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land's surface.可知這段講的是：藍(lán)洞的大致的定義。答案是F

2.考查段落大意和句意理解：根據(jù)這段的句子：Blue holes are the result of erosion in which water breaks down rock. Rain falling thousands of years ago contained chemicals which slowly wore away at the limestone landmass.可知這段講的是：藍(lán)洞是怎么形成的，答案是C

3.考查段落大意和句意理解：根據(jù)這段的句子：They have several layers of water, chemicals, and bacteria.可知這段講的是：藍(lán)洞的不同的結(jié)構(gòu)，答案是A

4.考查段落大意和句意理解：根據(jù)這段的句子：Scientists are interested in these caves because oxygen-free conditions there are similar to those on Earth long ago,可知這段講的是：為什么科學(xué)家對藍(lán)洞感興趣，答案是B

5.考查段落大意和句意理解：根據(jù)這段的句子：There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival.可知這段講的是：潛入藍(lán)洞要注意的規(guī)定，答案是E

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