Question

A. Attention must be paid to environmental factors.

B. Principles of curing cancers.

C. It will take long to find perfect cures.

D. An important discovery in the research.

E. The causative factor of cancer is very clear.

F. The survival rate differs among patients with various cancers.

1.___________

“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. ”

2.____________

This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2020, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺) .

3.___________

With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from universe rays to radiation to diet may activate an inactive gene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.

4.____________

The exact process involved is still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against universe rays.”

5.____________

The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. “First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells, which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can reduce its action. ”

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.C

2.F

3.D

4.A

5.B

【解析】

試題分析：本文主要講述了人類在癌癥治療方面的諸多信息，有癌癥治療的方法和原則，以及癌癥治療方面的研究的突破等。

1.C 根據(jù)本段最后一句He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available. ”可知也會很多年以來才會找到治愈癌癥的方法。故C正確。

2.F 根據(jù)本段最后2行For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺) . 可知不同的癌癥的存活率是不一樣的。故F正確。

3.D 根據(jù)本段2，3,4行The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.可知本段是關(guān)于癌癥治療方面的一個重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。故D項(xiàng)符合上下文。

4.A 根據(jù)本段最后一句Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against universe rays.” 可知我們在研究癌癥的時候，必須要把環(huán)境的因素考慮在內(nèi)。故A正確。

5.B 根據(jù)本段中的First, ……Second….可知本段講述的是治療癌癥要遵循的原則和方法。故B正確。

考點(diǎn)：考察健康類短文閱讀