Question

【題目】When I was in the fifth grade and Mr. Gardner asked a question, my hand would often shoot up in enthusiasm. After giving me a few opportunities, he would try to give other students a chance. My hand, though, would remain in the air, and after some time, I’d start waving it around. Then, there was the time I entered drumming classes. But all we were allowed to do in the first class was practice one beat over and over again. I never went back.

I would have done terribly in theStanford Marshmallow(果漿軟糖) Experiment. In this classic study, researchers gave children a choice between one marshmallow right away and two later. The results showed that those who could wait 15 minutes ended up scoring 210 points higher on the SAT, an examination that American high school students take before they go to college.

So clearly, delaying(延遲的) gratification or bearing up under pain have their benefits. It needs patience, which keeps us from being stuck to ideas formed previously, and helps us let go of our strong desire for consequences. We come to accept that we don’t always or immediately know what is best, and learn to recognize that our reality is in constant changes. Patience improves our understanding of deeper truths and helps us expand our views.

The journey of patience is rooted in knowing that our present reality will finally give way to changes. But changes won’t always happen when we think they should, and patience with ourselves comes from accepting that there are things we can control and things we can’t. And though we must make great efforts to keep pushing the boundaries of our awareness and to improve our ability to rest in comfort in the present moment, how fast we develop isn’t up to us.

That same fifth grader who couldn’t wait to speak out answers now sees the value of meeting questions with a heart of patience.

【1】Why did the author wave his hand around in class?

A. He wanted to entertain himself.

B. He tried to show his impatience.

C. He was making fun of his fellow students.

D. He wanted to give his fellow students a chance.

【2】What’s the purpose of the Stanford Marshmallow Experiment?

A. To test children’s concentration levels.

B. To test whether children have sweet teeth.

C. To test patience and its potential advantages.

D. To test the bond between patience and desire.

【3】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “gratification” in Para. 3?

A. Progress. B. Patience.

C. Assistance. D. Satisfaction.

【4】What is the main reason for people to have patience according to the text?

A. Constant changes. B. Present reality.

C. An absence of self-control. D. A strong desire for consequences.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】 本文屬于說明文。通過斯坦福棉花糖實驗可知，延遲的滿足需要有耐心，有耐心的人或忍受痛苦有好處的。它會讓我們接受現(xiàn)實是不斷變化的，接受可控和不可控的。耐心會讓我們受益的。

【1】B

推理判斷題。第一段講述作者一聽到老師提問就非常興奮，回答幾次之后老師就把回答問題的機會給別的同學。一直舉手，過了一會后我的手就在空中揮舞著，可知我是等待老師的提問而老師卻不提問時的那種不耐煩。A說揮舞手是自娛，B說是竭力表達他的不耐煩，C是他在取笑別的同學，D是他想給其他學生的機會。分析選項可知B項符合題意，故選B項。

推理判斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括判斷題和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。做好該題型要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去體會作者的“弦外之音”。如第1小題文中并沒有句子說明作者的不耐煩。但從作者一直接舉手，后來的揮舞著手，可推斷出作者想要回答問題等的不耐煩了。由此可知推理判斷題要仔細體現(xiàn)表面與隱含意義之間的聯(lián)系，才能得出正確的答案。

【2】C

推理判斷題。第二段中的斯坦福棉花糖實驗中給學生的選擇是立刻得到一塊糖，還是等候一段時間可得到兩塊。而能等候15分鐘的學生，在大學前的SAT考試中成績高出210分。第三段說“delaying(延遲的) gratification or bearing up under pain have their benefits. It needs patience, which keeps us from being stuck to ideas formed previously and helps us let go…. Patience improves our understanding of deeper truths and helps us expand our views”可知延遲的滿足有好處的。它需要耐心，而耐心它使我們不被先前所形成的想法束縛，幫助我們放棄對結(jié)果的強烈渴望…. 耐心增進我們對深層真理的理解，并幫助我們擴展我們的觀點。 由此可知這個試驗是來測試人的耐心，及帶來的可能的好處。故C項正確。

【3】D

推理判斷題。根據(jù)斯坦福棉花糖實驗中是如果等待一段時間可得到更多的好處，也就是得到了更多的滿意。這就是延遲而得到的獎勵，即得到好處的滿足感。分析選項可知，D項符合題意。

【4】A

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段‘It needs patience, which keeps us from being stuck to ideas formed previously, and helps us ….We come to accept that we don’t always or immediately know what is best, and learn to recognize that our reality is in constant changes.”（我們開始接受，我們并不總是或立即知道什么是最好的，并學會認識到我們的現(xiàn)實在不斷的變化。）及第四段第一句“The journey of patience is rooted in knowing that our present reality will finally give way to changes”知道我們的現(xiàn)狀會不斷變化是需要有耐心的。由此可知，人們要有耐心是因為知道現(xiàn)實是不斷變化的。分析選項可有A符合題意，故選A。