Pregnancy(妊娠) and childbirth kill more than 536,000 women a year. More than half of the cases happened in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, most of the deaths are preventable with basic medical care.
The five leading causes are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, long­time labor and bad abortions (流產(chǎn)). Mothers' deaths from such causes were largely reduced nearly a century ago in developed countries.
Experts say that what kill many women are “the three delays”— the woman's delay in deciding to go to the hospital, the time she loses traveling there and the hospital's delay in starting treatment. Only about 15 percent of births have dangerous complications(并發(fā)癥)．
Women lack education and information about birth control. Husbands and in­laws, may decide where a woman gives birth and insist that she stay at home to save money. However, there is no single solution to a problem with so many factors—shortages of doctors, nurses, drugs, equipment, roads and transportation—though hospital officials are trying many things now.
One stopgap measure to solve the problem for the present has been to train assistant medical officers, to perform certain operations. Some African countries are now struggling to train more assistants and midwives (接生婆) , and provide places for pregnant women to stay near hospitals.
But there is a long way to go. Only 20 percent of women in the continent give birth at the hospital. More than 50 percent stay at home to give birth, and the rest go to local clinics that cannot handle emergencies.
小題1:Which is not included in the five leading causes of women's deaths during pregnancy and childbirth?
A．Infection.B．High blood pressure.
C．Traveling long distances.D．Bleeding.
小題2:The underlined word “stopgap” probably means “________ ”in the passage.
A．finalB．temporaryC．effectiveD．instant
小題3:What can we learn from this passage?
A．The governments of African countries have to take more effective measures to save pregnant women.
B．Developed countries should help African countries reduce mothers'deaths.
C．The husbands in poor countries should take responsibility for their wives'deaths.
D．Most problems that cause women's deaths during pregnancy and childbirth can be treated or prevented.
小題4:What is the author's attitude towards the future of preventing women's deaths during pregnancy and childbirth?
A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Subjective.

小題1:C
小題1:B
小題1:D
小題1:C
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Encouraging pupils to keep noise to a minimum should be a valuable component of all children’s education, according to new research.
Dr. Helen Lees, from Stirling University’s school of education, says that “enforced（強制的）silence” is seen as a punishment and often acts to suppress children’s natural ability. But she says that teaching children about the benefits of “enforced silence”,--- deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment--- can have a significant effect on pupils’ concentration and behavior.
It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and pupils’ academic ability.
A study almost a decade ago in London found that children’s exam results were cut by as much as a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms. Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26℃ to be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions, and some educationalists claim that too much clutter（雜亂的東西）on classroom walls can prevent children from concentrating.
Dr. Lees said, “When we take some research on school settings and put it all together, what we see is that education without silence does not make much sense. In areas of better learning outcomes, better self- confidence and well-being measures, enforced silence in a person’s life and an individual’s education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit.”
Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of “reflective silence” into the timetable.
Kevin Hogston, head of Sheringdale Primary, south London, has just introduced a minute’s silence at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged to reflect. The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day.
小題1:According to Dr. Helen Lees, “enforced silence” ＿＿
A．is an effective way of punishment
B．does not make much sense in class
C．can improve pupils’ confidence
D．makes pupils more creative
小題2:The underlined word, “suppress”, in the second paragraph probably means “_________”.
A．preventB．improveC．a(chǎn)pplyD．reveal
小題3:What can be inferred from the research on school settings?
A．Students are more active if taught in noisy classrooms.
B．Silence makes a great difference to pupils.
C．Clutter on the walls can help students concentrate.
D．Most schools are not satisfactory in terms of classroom temperatures.
小題4: What would be the best title for the text?
A．Arranging classroom settings benefits studies
B．Achieving silence is beneficial for people
C．Using enforced silence is effective punishment
D．Keeping quiet in class improves academic performance

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Healthy eating begins with learning how to “eat smart”. It’s not just what you eat，小題1:.　　　　 how you eat. Pay attention to what you eat and choosing foods that are both nourishing小題2:　　　　 enjoyable  helps support an overall healthy diet.
Take time to chew your food： Chew your food slowly， savoring every bite. We tend to rush through our meals， forgetting to actually taste the flavors and feel the textures(質地) of 小題3:　　　 is in our mouths. Reconnect with小題4:　　  joy of eating.
Avoid stress while eating：  Avoid eating while working， driving， arguing， or watching TV. Try taking some deep breaths  before beginning your meal， or light candles and play soothing music to create a relaxing atmosphere.
Listen to your body： Ask 小題5:　　　　 if you are really hungry. You may really be thirsty， so try drinking a glass of water first. During a meal， stop eating before you feel full. It actually takes a few minutes 小題6:　　　　 your brain to tell your body that it has had 小題7:　　　　 food， so eat slowly.
Eat early： Starting your day小題8:　　　　 a healthy breakfast can jumpstart your metabolism(新陳代謝)， and eating early in the day gives your body time to work those calories off.

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根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. ___小題1:___
The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sickness. ___小題2:___ So they are called “disease of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noticed that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. __小題3:___ However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of day.
Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy product, and they made very little use of grains.
___小題4:___ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors(祖先). We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
___小題5:___ But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.
A．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.
B．People today probably don’t want to live the way people thousands of years ago did.
C．Ancient people also lived in large groups.
D．But today, we eat a lot of these.
E. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise.
F. In that case, they would live much healthier.
G. People today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago did.

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Dear Students,
Thank you for your interest in helping with the investigation into mumps(腮腺炎) at University of East Anglia(UEA).
Part 1: What will the oral fluid/saliva sample be tested for?
The oral fluid sample you provide will be tested for mumps antibodies and mumps virus. We will not be reporting results back to individual students. The information gathered will be used to guide public health control of mumps. We will update you via emailing the final outcome to acknowledge your contribution. If you think you have mumps, you will still need to see your GP as per routine.
Part 2: What is involved in the investigation?
(1) We will be contacting you by post to request two oral fluid/saliva samples a few weeks apart and possibly a third sample.
(2) We will contact your GP to collect information on your vaccination records.
What if you change your mind and what safeguards are in place?
Participation is voluntary.
You can withdraw anytime without having to give a reason. Withdrawal will not affect your routine care.
As a public health body, the HPA data collection role is strictly governed. All data will be collected and handled in accordance with strict medical confidences.
Part 3: What to do next if you would like to enroll?
All you have to do now is:
(1)Follow the instructions on the box with regards to taking an oral fluid/saliva swab(棉簽).
(2)Complete the request form. If you are unable to complete the vaccination history section, you can leave it blank.
(3)Confirm your consent by signing below.
(4)Send everything (sample form, signed consent and swab sample) back in the prepaid envelope —a stamp is not required.
If you have any queries, please contact Dr. Chee Yung on 0208 327 7603.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
I consent to take part in the oral fluid/saliva investigation of mumps at UEA by the HPA.
Signature:           
Full name:           
Date:           
(   ) 小題1:. This passage is written mainly to         .
A．find the virus that leads to mumpsB．raise funds for HPA
C．guide public health control of mumpsD．encourage students to help investigate mumps
(   ) 小題2:. It can be inferred from the passage that GP refers to         .
A．parentB．doctorC．colleagueD．classmate
(   )小題3:. According to the passage, the following statements are true EXCEPT that         .
A．a(chǎn)ll the students at University of East Anglia have to take part in the investigation
B．you don’t need to explain why you want to withdraw from the investigation
C．individual students will not be informed of the test results
D．your routine care will not be affected if you withdraw from the investigation
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B．send the sample form, the signed consent and the swab sample back at your own expense
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We've all experienced a "good cry"． Shedding （流） some tears can often make us feel better and help us put things in perspective． But why is crying beneficial? And is there such a thing as a "bad cry"?
The researchers analyzed the detailed accounts of more than 3,000 recent crying experiences and found that the benefits of crying depend entirely on the what, where and when of a particular crying episode （一段經(jīng)歷）． The majority of persons reported improvements in their mood following a short period of crying． However, one third reported no improvement in mood and a tenth felt worse after crying． Criers who received social support during their crying episode were the most likely to report improvements in mood．
Research to date has not always produced a clear picture of the benefits of crying, in part because the results often seem to depend on how crying is studied． The researchers note several challenges in accurately studying crying behavior in a laboratory setting． Volunteers who cry in a laboratory setting often do not describe their experiences as making them feel better． Rather, crying in a laboratory setting often results in the study participants feeling worse;  this may be due to the stressful conditions of the study itself, such as being videotaped or watched by researchers． This may produce negative emotions, which neutralize （使無效） the positive benefits usually connected with crying．
However, these laboratory studies have provided interesting findings about the physical effects of crying． Criers do show calming effects such as slower breathing, but they also experience a lot of unpleasant stress, including increased heart rate and sweating． What is interesting is that bodily calming usually lasts longer than the unpleasant． The calming effects may occur later and overcome the stress reaction, which would account for why people tend to remember mostly the pleasant side of crying．
Research has shown that the effects of crying also depend on who is shedding the tears． For example, individuals with anxiety or mood disorders are least likely to experience the positive effects of crying． In addition, the researchers report that people who lack insight into their emotional lives actually feel worse after crying．
小題1: We can infer from the passage that __________________．
A．people don't like being seen crying
B．crying in public makes people feel better
C．a(chǎn) bad cry is as common as a good cry
D．a(chǎn) good cry can sometimes help us face problems rightly
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A．your breath becomes slowB．you sweat a lot．
C．your face turns paleD．you are being watched
小題3:Who will be least likely to feelworse after crying?
A．People who receive help in course of crying．
B．People who fail to understand their emotions．
C．People who are anxious and nervous．
D．People whose mood is not in order．
小題4:The passage is mainly about ___________．
A．the types of cryingB．the way of crying
C．the psychology of cryingD．the causes of crying

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Your body, which has close relations with the food you eat, is the most important thing you own, so it needs proper treatment and proper nourishment (營養(yǎng)).The old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit and vegetables because they contain vitamin C. Many people take extra vitamins in pill form, believing that these will make them healthy.
But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them?
In the modern western world, many people are too busy to bother about eating properly. They throw anything into their stomachs, eating hurriedly and carelessly. The list of illnesses caused or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening,
小題1:“Your body has close relations with the food you eat.” It really means that ______.
A．a(chǎn)ll kinds of food you eat can be made into your body
B．your body is made up of the food you eat
C．what you eat has great effect on your health
D．the more you eat, the fitter you will feel
小題2:The old saying referred to in the passage tells us that ______.
A．eating apples regularly does lots of good to our health
B．the apple is the best among all kinds of fruits
C．a(chǎn)pples can take the place of doctors
D．a(chǎn)n apple is a sure cure for illness
小題3:In the second paragraph, the writer tries to let us know ______.
A．our bodies need food or we can’t live
B．often eating apples is a good habit
C．taking extra vitamin pills is completely useless
D．a(chǎn) good diet is of great importance for our health
小題4:From the passage we can draw a conclusion that if we want to keep healthy, we should ______.
A．only eat an apple a day
B．eat properly
C．take as many vitamin pills as possible
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I had about 10 minutes to exercise before I had to pick up my two older daughters from school yesterday. It was a busier day than usual for me with a couple of meetings besides my regular work.
Years ago, I would have put off my workout and would have left things for the next day. But since it was a busy day as well, I knew that I may not have all that much time either. So, I picked up my kettle-bell (啞鈴) and went to town for 4 minutes.
See, 4 minutes, if that’s all you’ve got, is enough to give your body a great fat-burning exercise. How did I get a killer workout in 4 minutes? I used a training workout discovered 10 years ago by a Japanese Sports Scientist called a TABATA.
It includes 20-second periods of warm-up, followed by 10-second periods of rest and 4-minute straight exercise. How is a 4-minute exercise able to burn fat? It all depends on the quality of work you do. Not on the quantity. Here’s how I did it yesterday.
You should never forget your warm-up. A TABATA workout is 20 seconds of 2-arm Kettle-bell swings, 10 seconds rest, 20 seconds push-ups, and 10 seconds rest. You should do those 4 rounds. That’s it. I was done in a total time of 8 minutes by the time and when I got to school my heart was still pumping pretty hard.
A healthy body is needed for studying and working, and efficiency (效率) is the key to building a great body in the least amount (數(shù)量) of time possible and you can’t get more efficient than a 4-minute workout.
小題1:We can learn from the passage that the author ______.
A．is busy with his workB．has a weak body now
C．has two children in allD．is a manager in a film
小題2:The underlined phrase “went to town” in Paragraph 2 means “_______”.
A．put off doing somethingB．went to a very small city
C．did something with interestD．hated to do something
小題3:What is the most important thing in taking exercise according to the author?
A．The goalB．the qualityC．The quantityD．The method

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Many people who are overweight have poor digestion(消化). For the most part, poor digestion is not a habit given by our parents. We give it to ourselves through the way we eat. Eating to get less stress or anxiety is often the mistake most people will make.
Oh, poor digestion can lead to weight problems. Here’s how: When a person feels stressed, the part of the central nervous system that connects digestion switches off. This is called the parasympathetic nervous system(副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)). At those times of stress, the body can take in food and  process some of it, but digestion doesn’t work correctly to digest all the nutritional(營養(yǎng)的)goodness from the food. Poor digestion is not always obvious by observing symptoms; you can get some illnesses but not always. Poor digestion can be seemingly silent.
If you eat when you are stressed, anxious, or nervous, you might as well be eating cardboard for all the nutrients your body gets. Yes, eating when stressed is a gaining situation. Now you might think, well, if I’m not digesting, the calories aren’t getting handles, so I should be losing weight. Good idea, but wrong reality. When digestion is not proper, the body starts “starving” from lack of necessary nutrients(營養(yǎng)物). Yes, it goes into a starvation（饑餓）problem and starts absorbing(吸收) fat and energy. It thinks it’s in a famine(饑荒). The good news is that it’s easy to make some corrections and get rid of stress at mealtimes.
If you feel stressed often, it can be helpful to take other food that contains multiple B vitamins. These help, but you could still find yourself stressed at mealtimes.
小題1:The author wrote the passage to tell us        .
A．how to deal with stress at mealtimes
B．what kind of food can be easily digested
C．eating when you’re stressed can cause weight problems
D．eating too much resulted in overweight problems
小題2:How do you understand the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?
A．Eating is the best way to release stress.
B．We should not release the stress by eating.
C．Eating too much can cause anxiety.
D．The stress problem can be solved during eating.
小題3: In what way do poor digestion and stress cause body problems?
A．Poor digestion cannot absorb much nutritional goodness from the food.
B．People with poor digestion take in food and process all of it.
C．When people feel stressed, the parasympathetic nervous system switches on.
D．Poor digestion will not lead to overweight problems.
小題4:Which is NOT the reason why people may have weight problems when eating with stress?
A．The body does not take in what they eat.
B．The digestion system becomes incorrect.
C．People cannot eat much when unhappy.
D．The body will begin to absorb too much fat.

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