閱讀理解
     根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為
多余選項(xiàng).
                                              Early Childhood Education
     Early childhood education is the formal (正規(guī)的) teaching and care of young children .It primarily
focuses on learning through playing to encourage the child's different kinds of development.    1   
     Studies with Head Start programs throughout the United States have shown some evidence that there
are quite a few advantages to early childhood education, which can produce significant gains in children's
learning and development. Compared to a child who does not attend pre-school, children completing
their early education programs are found to be better at math and reading skills. They are excited to learn
and have the tools to do so.    2   These children are more competent in their pre-school, kindergarten
and school-age years, and they are usually reported as "friendlier" by parents and the children's peers
(同伴). 
     3  In studies with matched control groups, more students who had early schooling experiences were
employed at the age of 19, fewer were on welfare, and fewer were involved with the criminal activity.
What's more, some studies show that children attending pre-school are more likely to graduate and have
higher education, and be well integrated (綜合) as an adult.
    Early childhood education gives most children a jump-start on education for their kindergarten and
primary school years. It is clear that early childhood education can have some great benefits for children.
    4   If early childhood education is less effective, perhaps the best model is finding strategies for
allowing a parent to stay home with his or her child for at least the first two to three years. Also important
is considering a child's own personality.    5    

A. The long-term influence of early education is significant as well.
B. They can benefit greatly from encouragement in their early childhood.
C. Yet its quality must be assessed to see what kind of benefits it actually provides.
D. They are also able to relate to others in a superior way and that improves their social skills.
E. Many experts of education have concerned about what early childhood education means today.
F. Individual differences in children mean that not all children will get equal benefits from early
     childhood education.
G. It consists of activities that serve children in the pre-school years and is designed to improve
     later school performance.
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科目：高中英語 來源：山東省模擬題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀表達(dá)。閱讀下面短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文后的要求進(jìn)行答題（請(qǐng)注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求）。
     [l]The harmful effects on children were summed up last year in a report by the National Research Council
and Institute of Medicine. Problems begin early, as the infants of depressed mothers cry more than other babies.
They have greater fear of strangers and less tolerance for frustration. Starting in preschool and across all stages
of childhood, they have more behavior problems at school and higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders. 
     [2]By adolescence, children with depressed parents have poorer social relations than the teens of parents
____, and they're more likely to be dependent on alcohol and drugs. Depression in parents also is linked to more
behavior problems at school and higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders, according to studies in the
report.
     [3]And some harmful effects of growing up with a depressed parent appear to remain into adulthood. A
20-year study on kids of depressed parents found that those with depressed parents suffered about three times
the rate of anxiety disorders and depression by their 30s, and they were in poorer health than peers and much
more likely to be dependent on drugs and alcohol. The study, believed to be the longest ever done, was
published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in 2006. These effects may not only be long-lasting but also
far-reaching. Serious depression affects about one in five American parents, and 15.6 million children live with
an adult who has had major depression in the last year.
     [4]As knowledge about the effects of parental depression has grown, so too has research into how to fight
those effects. Studies suggest, for example, that changing destructive parenting practices and teaching children
good coping strategies can make a big, positive difference in kids.
1. What is mainly talked about in the text? (no more than lo words) 
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? With a better understanding of the 
    effects of depressed parents, research is also being conducted on how to prevent those effects.
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. List three negative effects of parental depression on children. (no more than 20 words)
    _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
    _____________________________________________________________________________________

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科目：高中英語 來源：上海高考真題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
     While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同齡人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In
American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger
children or adults.
     This pattern of age segregation(隔離) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed
to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the
nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that
may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 t0 1975, the adolescent
population increased dramatically, from 11 percent t0 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of
adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in
size.
     Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson
and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to
their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice
as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early
adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social
networks. Another important characteristic of  adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (白
治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents,
adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in
doing so.
     (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)

1. "This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves
      from          
2. Besides changes in the workplace,                  are the other two factors contributing to adolescent
    peer culture.
3. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?
____________________________________________________________
4. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?
_____________________________________________________________

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科目：高中英語 來源：重慶市高考真題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be curious
to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so
on. These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.
     First, let's talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you
can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are
usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology or economics often have
as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it's very important for
you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the
information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn't
enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have
a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting
usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the
homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct discussion
sections.
     If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you'll also have to spend several hours a week
in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom
than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually
have to read and write more than science majors do.
1. The main purpose of this text is _____.
A. to help the students to learn about university life
B. to persuade the students to attend lectures
C. to encourage the students to take part in discussions
D. to advise the students to choose proper majors
2. We can learn from the passage that university professors _____.
A. spend about 5 hours on lectures each week
B. must join the students in the discussion sections
C. prefer to use textbooks in their lectures
D. require the students to read beyond the textbooks
3.A discussion section does NOT include _____.
A. working under the guidance of university professors
B. talking over what the students have read about the courses
C. discussing the problems related to the students' homework
D. raising questions about what a professor has said in a lecture
4. According to the author, science majors _____.
A. have to work harder than non science majors
B. spend less time on their studies than non science majors
C. consider experiments more important than discussions
D. read and write less than non science majors

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科目：高中英語 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解
     The Atacama Desert is located just west of the Andes, a 1000-km strip(狹長(zhǎng)的地域) of land next to
the Pacific Ocean. In spite of its location beside the sea, several studies have shown that this region is the
driest place in the world. In the Antofagasta Region of the desert, the average annual rainfall is just 1 mm
and some weather stations have never received rain at all. Atacama is so arid that the surrounding
mountains that reach up to 6885 m, have absolutely no glaciers! In the region, the river beds have been dry for over 120,000 years.
     However, unlike the Sahara Desert,Atacama is surprisingly not that hot. It has an average daily
temperature between 0'C and 25℃! If you find that surprising, you'd be shocked to find out that this
desert has lakes!
     When there was rainfall in the region (many year ago), this accumulated water created what we now
know as the Salt Lakes. The name of these lakes was given as a result of the effect of the Atacama
environment: the long dry period makes the water evaporate(蒸發(fā)),resulting in the higher concentrations
of salt in the remaining water.
     This region has been tested by scientists to see if life is present in the Atacama soil with the same
instruments that would be used to detect life in the soil on Mars! As a result of the soil's similarites to that
of Mars,the Atacama land is used to test instruments for future Mars missions. In addition, the region has
been used in movies as a set for filming Mars scenes, most famously in the television show Space Odyssey: Voyage to the Planets.
     The Atacama Desert is truly a unique place, due to its lack of rain as well as its similarities to Mars.
You would think that this place would be a bare ghost town (鬼域), but think again! Many people have
lived here for centuries, giving this desert its own culture and economic significance.
1. What does the underlined word "arid" in the first paragraph mean?
A. Big.
B. Dry.
C. Hot.
D. Long
2.Compared to the Sahara Desert, the Atacama Desert is _____.
A. smaller
B. wetter
C. less famous
D. less hot
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? 
A. origin of the Salt Lakes.          
B. rainfall in the Atacama Desert.
C. the weather in the Atacama Desert.  
D. The current situation of the Salt Lakes.
4.The TV program mentioned in the text____.
A. tells Atacama's similarities to Mars  
B. focuses on the soil of Mars
C. explores life in Atacama            
D. was filmed in Atacama
5.According to the author, the Atacama Desert ___.
A. is a very frightening place    
B. is as mysterious as Mars
C. is somehow livable          
D. has many poor towns

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科目：高中英語 來源：模擬題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解
下面文章中有5處（第1~5題）需要添加小標(biāo)題。請(qǐng)從以下選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D、E和F）中
選出符合各段意思的小標(biāo)題，并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余
選項(xiàng)。
A.What is the field trip fee at the Marine Science Center?
B.What should we prepare for the visit?
C.Where do the students get dropped off?
D.Why should I bring my class to the Marine Science Center?
E.How many students can the Marine Science Center accommodate?
F.When else is the bus needed during the school field trips?
1. __________
    The Marine Science Center offers nearly four hours of an educational adventure. Observing restoring
Sea Turtles, lab experiments, taking our Exhibit Gallery challenge, and learning from educational beach
activities are a unique and fun way to educate all ages about the fragile environment in Florida．
2. __________
     We require a 1 to 10 ratio of guardians to students. All guardians within that ratio are free. The fee is $3 per student and $6 per any extra adults. The fee includes a three and a half hour program with
interactive activities for the students. Payment should be made upon the arrival to the Marine Science
Center. Please make checks payable to: County of Volusia Marine Science Center.
3. __________
     This program can accommodate groups up to forty students. The students must be divided into
groups of ten before arriving at the center. The students will be rotated(輪換) throughout all of the
activities provided.
4. __________
     The Marine Science Center is located at 100 Lighthouse Drive in Ponce Inlet. If arriving by bus,
please stop the bus on the north (right) side of Lighthouse Drive directly across from the Marine Science
Center entrance sign. Students will be accompanied up the main sidewalk to the front entrance of the
Marine Science Center. If arriving by separate cars, please park in the main parking lot to the right on
Lighthouse Drive. Take the boardwalk to the Marine Science Center.
5. __________
     The bus must be available to take students to and from the Marine Science Center and Lighthouse
Point Park during the field trip for beach activities. Upon arrival the driver will get specific instructions on
your program schedule.

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科目：高中英語 來源：吉林省期中題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many
reasons for violence at sports events．One is alcohol．Many fans drink a lot at games．When
people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things．Psychologist Dennis Brock says,
"Quiet people become loud．Normally nonviolent people become destructive． "
     David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, "These are often celebratory riots- a large number
of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol．They don't often seem dangerous
in the beginning, but things get violent quickly． "
     Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd．When individuals are in a large
group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility．Edward Hirt, a social
Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never
do alone．People in crowds feel anonymous - no one knows who they are．Crowds also
make people feel powerful．They stop making personal decisions．They just follow the crowd．
Social psychologists call this a "mob mentality".
Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, "Some people don't even come to celebrate．They want
to drink hard and make trouble．Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there．You
get a mob mentality．People think it's OK to do almost anything．They think, 'There are so many
of us and not enough of them． '
Social psychologist Dr．Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent
violence．Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important．Officials should also think
of games as "big parties．" Then they will prepare differently．Kennedy says that in Great Britain they
are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums．"When you know someone is watching,
you are much less likely to behave badly． "
1. Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs?  

A. There's a connection between violence and sports
B. One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol．
C. There are many reasons for violence at sports events．
D. David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion.

2. Which of the following does NOT belong to a "mob mentality"?
A. "I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy． "
B. " It's safe to do what many people are doing． "
C. "There are so many of us and not enough of them． "
D. " No one knows I'm doing this． "
3. The last paragraph is mainly about ______．

A. how to turn games into big parties
B. why to install cameras in stadiums
C. how to prevent violence at sports events
D. how to avoid oneself behaving badly

4. What lesson can we learn from this passage?
A. Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are．
B. Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet．
C. Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something．
D. Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there．

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科目：高中英語 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解
      Britain is set to face an increase in cold winters, with up to oneinseven hitting the UK with
longer periods of time when temperatures are below freezing, a study has suggested.The
prediction was based on research that found out how low solar activity affected winter weather
patterns.
     However, the researchers were eager to stress that their findings did not suggest that the
region was about to fall suddenly into a "little ice age"．The findings appear in the journal
Environmental Research Letters."We could get to the point where oneinseven winters are very cold, as we had at the start of last winter and all through the winter before last."said coauthor
Mike Lockwood, professor of space environment physics at the University of Reading.
Using the Central England Temperature (CET) record, the world's longest instrumental data
series that dates back to 1659,the team said that in general temperatures during recent winters
had been obviously lower than the longerterm temperatures."The mean CET for December,
January and February for the recent relatively cold winters of 2008～2009 and 2009～2010
were 3.50℃ and 2.53℃ respectively," they wrote."However, the mean value for the previous 20 winters had been 5.04℃.The series of lower winter temperatures in the UK during the last three years had raised questions about the probability of more similar, or even colder winters
occurring in the future."
     Last year Professor Lockwood and colleagues published a paper that found a link between
fewer sunspots and atmospheric conditions that "blocked" warm westerly winds reaching
Europe during winter months, opening the way for cold easterly winds from the Arctic and
Russia to sweep across the region.Professor Lockwood, while acknowledging that there were a
range of possible meteorological factors (氣象因素) that could influence blocking events, said
the latest study moved things forward by showing that there was "improvement in the predictive skill" when solar activity was taken into consideration.
1. We can know from the second paragraph that ________.
A. research shows that Britain will soon fall into an ice age
B. Mike Lockwood's research focuses on space environment physics
C. it was quite cold in Britain over the entire winter last year
D. so far oneinseven winters have been very cold in Britain

2. The underlined word "mean" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to "________"．

A. average  
B. stable
C. ungenerous  
D. changeable
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. It was sunspots that blocked warm westerly winds reaching Europe.
B. Meteorological factors hardly have any influence on blocking events.
C. The latest study done by Professor Lockwood was of little practical value.
D. Considering solar activity or not affects the accuracy of weather forecasting.
4. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Another Big Danger Approaching the UK
B. Research Finds out Solar Activity Is to Blame for the Cold
C. UK Faces More Cold Winters Due to Weaker Solar Activity
D. Changes in Weather Patterns Should Be Responsible for Low solar Activity

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科目：高中英語 來源：福建省同步題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     If you travel to a new exhibit at the San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers, you will have chances to
see some meateating plants.Take bladderworts (貍藻類植物), a kind of such plant,for example. They
appear so small and grow in a quiet pond. "But these are the fastestknown killers of the plant kingdom,
able to capture a small insect in 1/50 of a second using a trap door!"
     Once the trap door closes on the victim, the enzymes (酶) similar to those in the human stomach slowly digest the insect. When dinner is over, the plant opens the trap door and is ready to trap again.
     Meateating plants grow mostly in wet areas with soil that doesn't offer much food value. In such
conditions, these amazing plants have developed insect traps to get their nutritional needs over thousands
of years. North America has more such plants than any other continents.
     Generally speaking, the traps may have attractive appearance to fool the eye, like pitcher plants, which get their name because they look like beautiful pitchers (a container like a bottle) full of nectar (花蜜)．
     The Asian pitcher plant, for example, has bright colors and an attractive halfclosed lid. Curious insects
are tempted to come close and take a sip, and then slide down the slippery (光滑的) slope to their deaths.
     Hairlike growths along the pitcher walls ensure that nothing can escape, and the digestive enzymes can get to work. A tiny insect can be digested in a few hours, but a fly takes a couple of days.
     Some of these pitchers are large enough to hold two gallons. Meateating plants only eat people in
science fiction movies, but sometimes a bird or other small animals will discover that a pitcher plant isn't a
good place to get a drink.
1. From the first paragraph,we learn that bladderworts can _____.
A. kill an insect in a second
B. capture an insect in 1/50 of a second
C. be found floating on a quiet lake
D. digest a fly in a few hours
2. If the trap door of a meateating plant is closed,the plant is _____.
A. fooling insects into taking a sip
B. producing nectar
C. tempting insects to come close
D. enjoying a dinner
3. Meateating plants can grow in wet and poor soil because they _____.
A. can get nutrition from animals
B. don't need much food value
C. can make the most of such conditions
D. have developed digestive enzymes
4. What can be captured by meateating plants for food?
A. A child.  
B. A dog.
C. A little bird.  
D. A little fish.

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