Too cold for recess?  School policies vary as much as temps
When is it too cold for schoolchildren to go outside for recess（課間休息）? The answer varies widely based on where a school is located and what the kids are used to.
Consider:  One northern Minnesota school says it has to be 15 below zero before kids are kept inside. But in areas along the East Coast, temperatures below 35 to 40 degrees could keep kids inside. Canceling recess because of the cold is no small issue considering that much of the USA is trembling through what may be its coldest winter in a generation, according to AccuWeather.
There is no national temperature standard for when to keep kids inside during the winter months, the U.S. Department of Education says. Decisions are made at the local level, either by principals or school districts.
Consequently, policies are all over the map:
? In International Falls, Minn., the self-described "Icebox of the Nation," where the average high temperature in January is 13 degrees, Falls Elementary School Principal Jerry Hilfer says, "if it's 15 below (or warmer), they go out, no matter what." "At 20 below, it gets iffy," he adds.
? In Wicomico County, Md., principals typically keep children indoors when temperatures drop below freezing, or if it's raining or snowing, says Susan Jones, the school system's director of elementary education.
"That's the bottom line," says Curtis Twilley, principal of Pemberton Elementary School in Salisbury, Md. Twilley says students get little exercise when recess stays indoors. At Pemberton Elementary, the students will typically play board games or computer games in a classroom because the school's gym is occupied with other classes, he says.
? For schools in Marquette, Mich., which averages about 12 feet of snow per season, school officials acknowledge students are probably a little more prepared than those in some more mild climates.
小題1:Which of the following is not true according to the passage_________.
A．No national temperature standard is made for when to keep kids inside during the winter months.
B．Susan Jones insists students get little exercise when recess stays indoors.
C．In Wicomico County, children are kept indoors when temperatures dip below freezing.
D．Mich has about 12 feet of snow per season on average.
小題2: Which place calls itself Box of Ice?
Wicomico County  B. Marquette    C.Salisbury       D. Minn
小題3: Considering_______, canceling recess In USA because of the cold is a big issue.
A．different schools have different principles.
B．much of the USA has very cold winter.
C．physical activity can boost student performance.
D．decisions are made at the local level,
小題4: The underlined word iffy means _______.
A．uncertain B．surprisingC． seriousD．worse
小題5: What will be talked about next?
A．More school policies
B．The reasons why school policies vary.
C．Measures to improve the situation.
D．Necessities to improve the situation

小題1:B小題1:D小題1:B小題1:A小題1:A
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s you and I who are to blame for the state of the earth. No question about it. It’s our life-style that is threatening life on Earth, so we must make the changes. The good news is that many of those changes are really quite simple, even enjoyable, but for every careful step we take as individuals , we must press government and industry to take a big step on our benefit . And we must start now. Tomorrow’s too late.
My aim this year is to persuade as many of my friends and colleagues as possible to choose the train, and leave their cars behind too. My gardens have been pesticide(殺蟲劑)–free zones for years and I enjoy seeing more wildlife on my doorstep as a result; I’ve tried to reduce my contribution to water pollution too, by using environment-friendly, phosphate(磷)–free washing powder , and by no longer thinking of the toilet as a suitable waste-disposal(處理) point .
I ran after a young lady through town recently to give her back the piece of paper she had carelessly thrown away. She disappeared into a shop, and when I followed her inside and made my presentation, she was doubly embarrassed--she worked there, and the boss gave her a ticking–off too. I’ve started asking fellow drivers at gas stations why they aren’t using unleaded (無鉛的) petrol . These are small things, but we have to start somewhere, and every little does help .
小題1:To help the environment, the author is trying to do everything mentioned below EXCEPT        .
A．taking the train instead of a car
B．throwing away the old cars
C．a(chǎn)voiding the use of pesticides
D．running after those who throw articles carelessly
小題2:The author ran after a woman through town because he wanted         .
A．to find out where she worked
B．to give her back the piece of paper she had lost
C．to tell her not to throw away pieces of paper carelessly
D．to ask her to pay him for picking up the piece of paper.
小題3:The word “ticking-off ” in the last paragraph probably means         .
A．blaming B．a(chǎn) piece of paperC．prizeD．ticket
小題4:The purpose of this passage is to         .
A．persuade his friends to take the train
B．inform us of the good news
C．make clear who is responsible for the environment
D．try to advise us all to protect our environment

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You'd be forgiven for thinking that running after children each day would leave parents in the best shape of their lives.But a study has found that the mothers and fathers of young children are more unhealthy than their childless peers(同齡人）.
Mothers with young children are heavier and eat more calories and fatty foods,and consume more sugary dinks than chidless women,scientists said.And both sexes are less active than those in their age group without children.
Parents often choose quick,easily preparesd foods that are high in fat and calories,and by choosing these foods they may in turn serve them to their children,forming a cycle of unhealthy diet.
Dr.Berge,one of the study authors,said:“This isn't a study about blame,this is about spotting a very high-risk time period for parents that doctors should be aware of ,so they can offer solutions(解決辦法）.”
According to the study ,mothers ate more fatty foods and drank about seven sugary drinks weekly,equal to about four chidless women.They also had an average of 2,360 calories daily,368 calories more than women without children,With that many calorise,women that age would need to be active to avoid to avoid gaining weight.
Fathers ate about the same amount of daily calories childless men and both had an average boby-mass index(指數(shù)）,but fathersgot less physical activity—about five hours weekly ,compared to almost seven hours among chidless men.
The study has several limitations－there's no data on how many women reccently had babies.Ther's also no information on the number of single parents,who likely face diet and exercise challenges.Sarah Kriger,an American dietician who works with new mothers said some of the mothers may have had postpartum(產(chǎn)后）depression,which might affect their eating and exercise habits.
小題1:What does the author mainly aim to tell us in the passage?
A．Childless couples live a much happier life than those with children.
B．Mothers will be unhealthy because of the postpartum deprdession
C．Couples of young children eat more fatty foods and lead unhealthier lives.
D．Fathers tend to eat high calorie foods because they should run after thrie children.
小題2:The underlined part“in the best shape”in the first paragraph means that a person  .
A．is busy and tiresB．has a most harmonious family
C．enjoys the most happinessD．is in the most healthy condition
小題3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned about mothers with children?
A．They are less active
B．They eat unhealthy foods
C．They may feel unhappy aftre having babies
D．They may lose their jobs aftre having babies
小題4:What Dr.Berge says in Paragraph 4 suggests that    .
A．Parents should pay more attention to their chidren
B．doctors should do something with parents'high-risk time period
C．the study has drawn attention of doctors and young parents
D．parents should not be blamde for having an unhealthy lifestyle
小題5:We can learn from the last paragraph that      .
A．the result of the study result in aan unscientific way
B．the study was carried out in an unscientific way
C．single mothers are surely facing quyite different situation
D．postpartum depression will help mothers to lead a healthier lirf

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Bad moods can actually be good for you, with an Australian study finding that being sad makes people less gullible (輕信), improves their ability to judge others and also boosts memory.
The study, authored by psychology professor Joseph Forgas at the University of New South Wales, showed that people in a negative mood were more critical of, and paid more attention to, their surroundings than happier people, who were more likely to believe anything they were told.
"Although positive mood seems to promote creativity, flexibility, cooperation, and reliance on mental shortcuts, negative moods trigger (引發(fā)) more attentive, careful thinking, paying greater attention to the external world," Forgas wrote.
"Our research suggests that sadness ... promotes information processing strategies best suited to dealing with more demanding situations."
For the study, Forgas and his team conducted several experiments that started with inducing happy or sad moods in their subjects through watching films and recalling positive or negative events.
In one of the experiments, happy and sad participants were asked to judge the truth of urban myths and rumors and found that people in a negative mood were less likely to believe these statements.
People in a bad mood were also less likely to make snap decisions based on racial or religious prejudices, and they were less likely to make mistakes when asked to recall an event that they witnessed.
The study also found that sad people were better at stating their case through written arguments, which Forgas said showed that a "mildly negative mood may actually promote a more concrete, accommodative and ultimately more successful communication style."
"Positive mood is not universally desirable: people in negative mood are less prone to judgmental errors, are more resistant to eyewitness distortions（扭曲）and are better at producing high-quality, effective persuasive messages," Forgas wrote.
The study was published in the November/December edition of the Australian Science journal.
小題1:_ The study suggests that when someone is in a bad mood, he ________ .
A．is particular about everythingB．shows less concern about others
C．is willing to believe what he hearsD．cares more about his surroundings
小題2:_Which of the following is connected with positive mood?
A．New ideas.B．Being stubborn.C．Being careful.D．Concentration.
小題3:_ How did researcher put the subjects in good or bad moods?
A．By watching sports programs.B．By listening to happy or sad stories.
C．By dealing with demanding situations.D．By thinking back on their past experience.
小題4:_ Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A．Positive mood leads to better judgement.
B．Sad people remembered what they saw precisely.
C．Cheerful people were less likely to believe rumors.
D．People in bad mood tend to make quick decisions.
小題5:_The author intends to convince(說服) us that __________ .
A．Joseph Forgas made a great discoveryB．bad moods can actually be good for us
C．we should think positively and negativelyD．the Australian study is of practical value

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The key to reaching or staying at a healthy weight is regular exercise and good eating habits. Teens should get 60 minutes or more of physical activity a day. Note the word “activity”. As long as you’re getting your body moving, it doesn’t have to mean doing complicated exercises or going to the gym (體育館) every day. All that matters is that each week you get the right balance of activity, including aerobic (有氧健身法的) strength building, and flexibility (柔韌性) exercise. Make exercise a habit by scheduling some every day.
On days when you have soccer practice or an aerobics class, you may have no trouble exercising for an hour or more. But most of us are busy, and 60 minutes a day of activity seems like a lot of time. The good news is that it’s OK to divide it into shorter “exercise breaks” throughout the day. Just as you might have a healthy snack to stop yourself getting hungry, exercise snacks can keep energy level high. So get up 15 minutes earlier and do some yoga or other stretching (伸展) activity. Fast walk or jog (慢跑) for 15 minutes at lunch. Do the same thing after school ­­­­­or walk or bike home. Add to that taking the stairs, gym class, and walking between classes during the day, and you’ve probably reached your 60 minutes.
Here are 5 simple ways to make an exercise lifestyle change:
1. Start today. Go outside for a walk.
2. Take the stairs instead of the elevator.
3. Instead of driving, walk or bike to places like school or a friend’s house.
4. Clean your room or wash the car.
5. Limit your time watching TV, using the computer, or playing video games--and when you do play, try some games that get you moving.
小題1: The underlined phrase “exercise snacks” in the second paragraph probably means ________.
A．food eaten before exercise
B．food eaten during exercise
C．shorter “exercise breaks”
D．a(chǎn) new kind of exercise
小題2:Why should we have exercise snacks every day?
A．Because they can stop us getting hungry
B．Because they can keep energy level high
C．Because they can include many kinds of sports
D．Because they are more likely to relate to our daily life
小題3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．To go hiking on your holidays
B．To spend less time on computer games
C．To go to school on foot or by bike
D．To do some housework at home
小題4:What will be most probably discussed in the following paragraph?
A．Losing weightB．Good eating habitsC．Exercising your brainD．Outdoors exercise
小題5: What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Regular exerciseB．School exerciseC．Indoors exercise D．Difficult exercises

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss．The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories of loud music or other common sound at home and at work．A person only needs to hear the noise for little more than one second to be affected．
An American scientist has found that using aspirin （阿斯匹林） increase the temporary （暫時的）hearing loss or damage from loud noise．He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing．He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability．He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin．The hearing loss was about two times as great．
The scientist said millions of persons in the U．S．use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment．He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise．
1．Doctors have long known that__________．
A．one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise．
B．one may become deaf when he hears a loud noise．
C．loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of the young people only
D．common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear
2．This passage suggests that one’s hearing________．
A．will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second
B．will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise less than one second
C．will not be damaged if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second
D．will not be damaged if he has little more than one second to get ready
3．One conclusion you can draw from the passage is that aspirin________．
A．makes hearing damage from loud noise worse
B．should never be taken more than four grams
C．can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily
D．a(chǎn)lways increases hearing loss by two times
4．Millions of Americans are in danger of suffering hearing loss because they__________．
A．take too much aspirin            
B．often take air trips
C．like listening to loud music       
D．have too much loud noises at home and at work
5．The American scientist did his experiment in order to find ________．
A．how much aspirin would affect a person’s hearing
B．how much aspirin should be given in the treatment of the patients with hearing damage from loud noise
C．whether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage from loud noises
D．whether the people who had hearing damage should use aspirin

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In the United States, 30 percent of the adult (成年人) population has a “weight problem”. To many people, the case is clear: we eat too much. But scientific evidence（證據(jù)）does little to support the idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today. Yet they ate more food. In those days, people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn’t watch TV.
Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fat people do not eat more on average (平均) than thinner people. In fact, some investigations (調(diào)查), such as a 1990 study of 3,545 London office workers, show that fatter people eat less than slimmer people.
Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group of Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts:
The more the men ran, the more fat they lost.
The more they ran, the more they ate.
Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.
小題1:What kind of physical problem do many adult Americans have?
A．They are too thin.B．They work too hard.
C．They are too fat.D．They lose too much fat.
小題2:Which of the following words can take the place of the word “slim” in this passage?
A．poorB．thinC．healthyD．rich
小題3:Compared with the adult American population today, the Americans of 1910 ______.
A．a(chǎn)te more food and had more activitiesB．a(chǎn)te less food but had more activities
C．a(chǎn)te less food and had less physical activitiesD．had more weight problems
小題4:What have modern medical and scientific researches reported to us?
A．Fat people eat less food and are less active.
B．Fat people eat more food than slim people but are less active.
C．Fat people eat more food than slim people but are more active.
D．Thin people run less, but have greater increase in food intake.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Depression(抑郁癥)is a serious problem today．Depression causes workers to be unproductive，causing companies and countries to lose billion of dollars．One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread, costly and deadly”．Depression hits one person in five around the world．
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated，studies show that depression is a problem among everyone．Over any six-month period, between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression．
Suicide(自殺)rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme, or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large, and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks．People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.
Depression, which researchers agree has its origin in the genes(基因)，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate, making it possible for employees and managers to work efficiently．
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it．Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy．Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available．
“Most patients in China just don’t get help,” a Chinese doctor says．“In my hospital，I have
to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，and just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel ?…’”
In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that their boss would fire them．
“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it, because they feel
the most secure about themselves, ” an American doctor says．
Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression．
B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work．
C．Depression is a commonly-existing problem only in rich countries．
D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression．
小題2:Compared to normal people，depressed people are likely to be________．   
A．very unconfident and often absent-mindedB．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks
C．working efficiently and productivelyD．either weak or lazy
小題3:Depression becomes more serious in China because of_________．
A．the understanding of the problemB．the lack of treatment and doctors
C．their unwillingness to tell it to their bossD．the doctors’ careless work
小題4:What can we infer from the passage?
A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists．
B．The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed．
C．More and mote patients will turn to specialists for help
D．Western people are braver than Chinese people

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(傷口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.
A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.
Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制臺). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.
Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.
小題1:What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?
A．The cost of the traditional surgery is very high.
B．It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body.
C．Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest.
D．The incision is often infected after the operation.
小題2: Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?
A．It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera.
B．The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly.
C．The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed.
D．An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance.
小題3: The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.
A．requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient
B．reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure
C．a(chǎn)llows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively
D．eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients
小題4: The passage mainly tells the reader ________.
A．the challenges brought about by new technology
B．the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System
C．the reflections on the development in medical science
D．the application of new technologies in modern surgery

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