A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.

“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件), ”said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.

They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.

While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.

Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”

72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that ________.

A. they had no model in their mind

B. they did not have sufficient time

C. they had no ready-made components

D. they could no assemble the components

73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly_________.

A. consists of a flight device and a control system

B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time

C. can collect information from many sources

D. has been put into wide application

74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?

A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.

B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.

C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.

D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.

75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Father of Robotic Fly

B. Inspiration from Engineering Science

C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect

D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study

【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文，講述機(jī)器人蒼蠅的研發(fā)，面臨的困難以及前景。

段落

關(guān)鍵詞、句

大意推測

第一部分（Para. 1）

create the first robotic fly; the mechanical fly; a platform for a series of new high-tech systems;  what a fly does naturally; the size of a fat housefly; mini wings; perform controlled flight tasks.

哈佛大學(xué)的一組技師在自然界的激發(fā)下，創(chuàng)造了第一部機(jī)器人蒼蠅。進(jìn)而描述了機(jī)器人蒼蠅的樣子與用途。

第二部分（Para. 2）

extremely important; as a whole system;  not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件); has been working on；for over a decade；got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components.；the added difficulty; off the shelf; have to develop them all on our own

機(jī)器人蒼蠅要的是一套完整的體系，而不是一組獨(dú)立原件簡單地相加。哈佛大學(xué)Robert Wood教授數(shù)十年都在致力于研究機(jī)器人蒼蠅這個(gè)課題。幾年前，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)就開始了拼裝原件。但這個(gè)項(xiàng)目也遇到了困難：那些元件沒有一件能現(xiàn)貨供應(yīng)的，只能自己做。

第三部分（Para. 3-4）

a series of systems to start and drive…；has a number of interdependencies on the individual components; was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems; …the success of the project proves that…; these tiny components can be built and manufactured; is linked to; a small, off-board power source;  equip it with; a built-in power source; someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield; be able to take off, land and fly around.

從兩個(gè)方面說明機(jī)器人蒼蠅：一.機(jī)器人蒼蠅所需要的一套體系�？瓷先ハ喈�(dāng)簡單地能夠移動(dòng)翅膀的系統(tǒng)卻在那些單個(gè)原件中有很多相互依賴的成份，每個(gè)成分不僅要各自運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好，還要和與它相連的所有成分都配合好。二. 機(jī)器人蒼蠅配有內(nèi)置電源，是為了將來有一天能在營救點(diǎn)，在牧場上或者戰(zhàn)場上從事數(shù)據(jù)收集工作。

第四部分（Para. 5）

a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale; …on board could have much broader applications; open scientific questions; difficult with the animals; using…instead; drives us on …

此設(shè)計(jì)為研究飛行力學(xué)和控制昆蟲規(guī)模提供了一種嶄新的方法。然而(搭載的)動(dòng)力設(shè)備，傳感以及運(yùn)算技術(shù)會有更廣泛的應(yīng)用。Wood設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)器人蒼蠅在某些動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)方面可以用來代替動(dòng)物。

72. 答案：C.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。考生根據(jù)第二段最后一句 “The added difficulty with a project like this is that…可知事實(shí)上那些元件沒有一件能現(xiàn)貨供應(yīng)的，要理解be off the shelf 的用法，所以選項(xiàng)C. they had no ready-made components就是對本句的同義替換，故為正確答案根據(jù)文章第一段Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.是有制作模型的，故排除A。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’s extremely important for us to think about …, ”the Harvard engineering professor who has been working ….可知選項(xiàng)B. they did not have sufficient time他們沒有充足的時(shí)間，不合適；而選項(xiàng)D. they could no assemble the components他們不會組裝元件是對原文的誤解，并不是要組裝，故排除選項(xiàng)D。

73. 答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。題干要求在第三段和第四段來推測，所以根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. 故選項(xiàng)A. consists of a flight device and a control system是片面的，排除；根據(jù)第四段so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield.可知選項(xiàng)C.中的from many sources應(yīng)為 from many sites/places，故排除；選項(xiàng)D. has been put into wide application的定位在第五段Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.可知已經(jīng)大量應(yīng)用是錯(cuò)誤的，故排除�？v觀三四兩段，尤其是第四段尾句“Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.可推斷出只有B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time正確。

74. 答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。文章末段的to study biology in ways…would be difficult with animals, but using these robots instead告訴我們這些機(jī)器人可以替代動(dòng)物，故D項(xiàng)正確�？忌⒁獾氖牵f明文末段尤其帶有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的路標(biāo)詞往往是題眼所在。根據(jù)第四段so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. 可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，故排除。文章最后一段中指出“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said.，并沒有說：不允許拿動(dòng)物進(jìn)行生物實(shí)驗(yàn)，故排除B選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章最后一段Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale.及“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”可知以后會有更多的問題等待我們?nèi)ヌ剿�，但并不是說過去在研究昆蟲飛行方面常常方法很少，故排除。

75. 答案：C

解析：主旨大意題。本題考查考生理解全文、提煉信息、概括總結(jié)的能力。選擇最佳標(biāo)題，一般來說，考生只有通篇理解文章傳遞的信息，才可能概括出全文的最佳標(biāo)題。對比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)意為“機(jī)器人蒼蠅之父”，文章的主題主要說明“機(jī)器人蒼蠅”，故排除。B選項(xiàng)“來自工程學(xué)中的靈感”與文章的主題“機(jī)器人蒼蠅”關(guān)系不大，故排除。D選項(xiàng)“哈福大學(xué)在昆蟲研究領(lǐng)域的突破”， 并沒有點(diǎn)明主題“機(jī)器人蒼蠅”，故排除。C選項(xiàng)既交待了“Robotic Fly” 又講了與真實(shí)生活中昆蟲的關(guān)系，所以爭取答案為C。

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