Envy seems to be bad-but it doesn't have to be. Researchers are finding that, if approached the right way, there can actually be an advantage.

Psychologists classify envy in two ways: negative and positive. With positive envy, you are motivated by another person's success and struggle to follow it. With negative envy, you want to cut the advantaged person down so you look better by comparison. Let's say you feel sufferings of envy after your rival(對手) at another firm gets promoted. Negative envy might drive you to destroy his success, but positive envy would inspire you to work harder and get promoted, too.

Studies show positive envy can be a great motivator(動(dòng)力). In a 2011 study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers in the Netherlands conducted a series of experiments with more than 200 university students. Researchers found that when they caused feelings of positive envy----as opposed to admiration or negative envy----in the students, it drove them to want to study more and perform better on a test measuring creativity and intelligence. While admiration may feel better, the researchers found, it doesn't motivate performance like the pain and frustration of envy.

“Those painful sufferings of envy are there for an evolutionary(進(jìn)化的) reason,” says Texas Christian University researcher Sarah E. Hill, “warning us that someone has something of importance to us.” Building on this theory, Dr. Hill and others conducted a series of experiments, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, to test whether envy improves attention and memory----the tools needed to copy a rival's steps to success. In one experiment, half of the participants were asked to recall past feelings of envy; the other half weren't. The two groups were then shown mock(模擬的) interviews of imaginary peers. The group filled with envy paid closer attention and better recalled details about the interview subjects. In other words, envy made them more astute（機(jī)敏的）. Not only can envy motivate us to reach for higher goals, it may even give us the cognitive push to get there.

1.What’s the bad effect of negative envy?

A. It makes you lose heart and gets discouraged.

B. It has you feel motivated.

C. It makes you harm or hurt others on purpose.

D. It reminds you to struggle to follow your dreams.

2.What’s the benefit of positive envy?

A. It inspires you to find a possible rival to try to defeat them.

B. It encourages you to work harder with a positive attitude.

C. It won’t hurt your opponents in the same firm.

D. It won’t destroy your success at another firm.

3.Compared to admiration, positive envy can__________.

A. make you feel worse in all sides

B. be more likely to get you to admire others

C. make you feel the pain in your performance

D. be more likely to get you inspired to get success

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Envy seems to be bad.

B. Keep your envy in secret.

C. Make full use of positive envy.

D. Forget about your envy now.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015-2016學(xué)年江蘇泰州中學(xué)高二上第二次質(zhì)檢英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解

閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。

Metrorall (地鐵)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel Free with a paying customer.

Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.

Get one ticket of unlimited Metrorall rides with a One Day Pass .Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations .Use it after 9:30 a,m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays .

Hours of service

Open: 5am Mon-Fri 7 a.m Sat-Sun

Close: midnight Sun-Thur. 3 a.m Fri-Sat. nights

Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations.

Metrobus

When paying with exact charge, the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTrip?card, the fare is 1.25.

Fares for senior/disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or Smar/Trip?card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecard, SmarTrip?cards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors .com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorall services by calling 202-962-1100.

Travel tips (提示)

Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4and 6p.m.

If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost &Found at 202-962-1195.

1.At what time does Metroarll stop service on Saturday ?

A. At midnight. B. At 3 a.m.

C. At 5 a.m. D. At 7a.m.

2.What is good about a SmarTrip?card ?

A. It is convenient for old people.

B. It saves money for its users

C It can be bought at any train

D. It is sold on the Internet

3.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A.202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100

C.202-637-7000 D.202-637-8000

4. What should you know about farecard machines?

A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.

B. They are connected(連接) to change machines.

C. They offer(提供) special service to the elderly(老人).

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2.The Christmas Eve is drawing near. Have you ________（裝飾）your Christmas tree?

3.Several companies are________(競爭) for the contract.

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完形填空

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1.A. personally B. absolutely C. suddenly D. immediately

2.A. discover B. treat C. search D. find

3.A. ask B. help C. beg D. order

4.A. Silent B. Still C. Quiet D. Calm

5.A. repeated B. waved C. charged D. continued

6.A. grass B. earth C. field D. leaves

7.A. straight B. forwards C. backwards D. directly

8.A. observe B. pick C. arrest D. solve

9.A. up B. back C. ahead D. along

10.A. green-hand B. empty-handed C. single-hand D. second-hand

11.A. evidence B. shape C. reason D. purpose

12.A. little B. few C. much D. many

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14.A. And B. Although C. While D. But

15.A. end B. center C. bottom D. top

16.A. how B. why C. when D. what

17.A. result B. content C. limit D. message

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2.A. effort B. fault C. attempt D. intention

3.A. luckier B. angrier C. scarier D. sadder

4.A. frightened B. nervous C. happy D. worried

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9.A. believe B. imagine C. realize D. think

10.A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Furthermore

11.A. gave up B. ended up C. took up D. made up

12.A. thought B. said C. insisted D. suggested

13.A. turned B. struck C. occurred D. came

14.A. talked B. found C. minded D. noticed

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16.A. remained B. happened C. passed D. ended

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Finally, it was between Gilbert and the fastest?looking car there. As the race was about to begin, Gilbert asked if they could stop for a minute, because he wanted to pray. Then the race stopped.

Gilbert prayed in earnest for a very long minute. The Master came up to Gilbert and asked the obvious question, “So you prayed to win, Gilbert？”

My young son answered, “Oh, no Sir. It wouldn't be fair to ask God to help you beat someone else. I just asked him to make it so I don't cry when I lose.”

Children seem to have wisdom far beyond us. Perhaps we spend too much of our prayer time asking God to control the race, make us the champion, or remove us from the struggle, when we should be seeking God's strength to get through what lies in our way.

1.Gilbert's father thought the task given by the Cub Scouts could________．

A. be no trouble at all

B. be too easy for Gilbert

C. be beyond Gilbert's ability

D. require no skills

2.Who finally made the pinewood racing car?

A. Gilbert. B. Gilbert's father.

C. Gilbert's mother. D. The whole family.

3.What can we learn about Gilbert?

A. He made it in the final race.

B. His performance inspired his mom.

C. He thought the Master unfair.

D. He was very afraid of losing the race.

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A. adults should communicate more with children

B. we should have faith in our ability to win

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Odland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.

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Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, “I could buy this place and fire you,” or “I know the owner and I could have you fired.” Those who say such things have shown more about their character than about their wealth and power.

The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson’s Unwritten Rules of Management. “A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,” Swanson says. “I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables.”

1.What happened after Odland dropped the ice cream onto the woman’s dress?

A. He was fired.

B. He was blamed.

C. The woman comforted him.

D. The woman left the restaurant at once.

2.Odland learned one of his life lessons from .

A. his experience as a waiter

B. the advice given by the CEOs

C. an article in Fortune

D. an interesting best-selling book

3.According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about ________.

A. Fortune 500 companies B. the Management Rules

C. Swanson’s book D. the Waiter Rule

4.From the text we can learn that ________.

A. one should be nicer to important people

B. CEOs often show their power before others

C. one should respect others no matter who they are

D. CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurants

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