第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分10分)

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Experts debunk Maya doomsday（末日） predictions -- But that hasn't stopped books, movies from cashing in.

If the ancient Maya and filmmaker Roland Emmerich are correct, the apocalypse（大災(zāi)變） will happen very fast, maybe quicker than his new 2??-hour movie.

Predictions of global ruination are rippling around the globe with seismic（地震的） force, all loosely based on a 5,000-year Maya calendar that ends Dec. 21, 2012. Countless Web sites and blogs anticipate(預(yù)料) the end of days, as do various New Age groups and would-be prophets(預(yù)言者) offering guidance and how-to tips. On Amazon.com , you can read hundreds of book titles combining the year 2012 with terms such as “apocalypse,” “catastrophe” and “end of the world.”

As always, doomsday sells — and a lot of people are buying it.

“There's the psychobabble(心理囈語(yǔ)) aspect,” said Robert Epstein, former editor of Psychology Today magazine and a lecturer at the University of California San Diego. “It's the Sigmund Freud/death wish idea: People glom onto（對(duì)…感興趣） doomsday predictions because there's some small part of them that wants to die, and die spectacularly（壯觀的）. I don't believe it, but it's one way to look at this.”

It's Emmerich's way. The German director specializes in wreaking havoc on an epic scale, from climatic cataclysm in 2004's “The Day After Tomorrow” to angry aliens and reptiles in “Independence Day” and “Godzilla.”  In “2012,” he finishes the job.

The digitized disasters of “2012” are oversized, overwrought and sometimes literally over the top, as when a humongous tsunami washes over the Himalayan mountains, whose average height exceeds 20,000 feet. Meanwhile in Los Angeles, a 10.5-magnitude earthquake — a temblor at least 30 times more powerful than any real quake ever recorded — yanks the city apart like a giant zipper, sending chunks sliding into the Pacific Ocean.

That's not physically possible, of course. Nor is a 10.5-magnitude quake, said Thomas Rockwell, a geologist at San Diego State University. To generate that much energy, “you'd need a rupture that extends all around the planet.”

All of that other stuff “is pure Hollywood bunk,” said Bernard Jackson at the UCSD Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.

Entertaining, though, unless you happen to believe the Maya really predicted the end of the world. They didn't, said Geoff Braswell, a UCSD anthropologist. The long-count calendar doesn't signal the end of anything except the end of that particular calendar. “It's just like a car odometer. Unfortunately, hardly anybody reads ancient Mayan. Modern media hype（騙局）, on the other hand, is almost inescapable.

Nicholas Christenfeld, a professor of psychology at UCSD, suggests a more elemental human need. Being swallowed by the Earth or incinerated in a giant fireball “fits neatly with the idea that people want to believe there's a plan, that existence isn't random and pointless,” Christenfeld said.

“We all missed creation, but if we can bear witness at the other end, be part of some grand cosmic destruction, that gives life meaning,” he said. 

It helps, too, not to think very hard about the facts, said Lou Manza, a professor of psychology at Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pa. “These claims have been around forever, and they have all been false, 100 percent wrong,” Manza said.

Of course, prognosticators（預(yù)言者, 占卜者） usually have an explanation for that, Christenfeld said.

“They might say it was a misinterpretation,” he said. “They got the date wrong. They might claim humanity acted in time to prevent the destruction. Or faith came to the rescue because people believed something bad was going to happen, it didn't have to happen.”

 


71. media      72. basis      73. viewing     74. nature    75. purely 

76. signaling    77. witness    78. meaningful   79. true      80. timely

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相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。

For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the‘‘sixth sense"of direction．By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer．

One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南針)．

Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁體)．So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines

itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south．When people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on oceanvoyages, even under

cloudy skies.

 Actuallly the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature．

 Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes．Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns．But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can they do that?

A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon．Not all pigeons can find their way home．Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied．

One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their

magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going．But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way．It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense．

Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees．These insects also seem to have a special sense ot direction．

In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary．How

would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.

An answer came from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the

mud of ponds and marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in

one direction—north．

Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which

proved magnetic．The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the

earth’s magnet．

The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led

to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In each

animal，except for the bee．the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain．

Thus．the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable．

The Magnetic Sense — The Living Compass

Passage outline

Supporting details

The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass

◇Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71)   ▲ 

  magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.

◇(72)   ▲   on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.

The possibility of birds’ built-in compasses

◇ One piece of evidence is the (73)   ▲    of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes.

◇ Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74)   ▲     under cloudy skies 

The  (75)   ▲     on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses

◇Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76)   ▲     their magnetic sense.

◇The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77)   ▲    days.

◇Similar things with the same results were done with bees.

The  (78)   ▲     of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass

◇Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79)   ▲    .

◇Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80)   ▲     inside their bodies.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：江蘇省2010屆高三下學(xué)期5月模擬考試英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：其他題

第Ⅱ卷  (兩部分，共35分)

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分10分)

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。

OPTIMISM HELPED US PERSEVERE(堅(jiān)持)

Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner of penguin(企鵝) and some dynamic music to make a man feel more cheerful again.

Life now fell into a regular pattern. Just keeping alive took all our time and energy. For example, we had to gather fresh water by grasping and then melting sea-ice. If this drinking But melting the ice was a problem. With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke but had he advantage of burning strongly in fierce winds. We could also eat the remains when the fire died down.

Food was also a problem as there were no vegetables or fruit to be found. As one of’ our group, Lionel Greenstreet noted in his diary after a few weeks how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat -- seal steaks, cooked seal, penguin steaks, cooked penguin liver.” As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cook these animals, so I was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could. It was difficult.

We had to be very particular about our personal care because a changeable temperature could harm us. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. Becoming too hot led to sweating and this could freeze very quickly. Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes. The ice and snow reflected dangerous rays from the sun so that if we did not wear sunglasses we would suffer from sun-blindness.

Four months of this was as much as the twenty-two of us could bear in this bone-numbing cold. We were lucky that our group wolf worked hard to show an admirable mental attitude and dealt with our ever-present fears in a positive and successful way. Above all, Shackleton encouraged us to have celebrations: for birthdays, festivals or even just because of a good catch of penguin. This kept us cheerful and encouraged harmony in the group.

When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to a warm bed, good food and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he had repaid us by his commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death.

Main Points

Details

Setting

Shackleton and his boat having (71)   ▲   away, we stayed on Elephant Island, feeling low and discouraged. A dinner of penguin and dynamic music (72)    ▲   us up.

Water problem

To gather fresh water, we grasped and then melt sea-ice by(73)    ▲  

seal fat.

(74)   ▲  problem

Food lacked variety, with only meat from seals and penguins.

Personal care

● Sweating from wearing too many clothes and(75)   ▲   from wearing too few could do harm to us.

● We needed to be (76)   ▲   of the eyes’ being harmed by the dangerous reflected rays from the sun.

(77)    ▲   for our survival

● Our positive (78)    ▲   

● Having celebrations

● Harmony in the group

Ending

Four months later, we were (79)   ▲   by Shackleton. And he

(80)    ▲    his promise.

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：江蘇省2010屆高三考前模擬訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：任務(wù)型閱讀

 

第II卷 (兩部分, 共35分)

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。

US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson will visit China's largest lake next week on a trip that will highlight global environmental challenges.

Paulson will hold talks in Beijing with President Hu Jintao that will focus on the Strategic（戰(zhàn)略）Economic Dialogue, high-level discussions launched last year in an effort to deal with economic tensions between the US and China.

"This trip is part of an ongoing process to strengthen our strategic economic relationship to address long-term issues such as working with China to rebalance its growth and increase the flexibility(彈性) of its currency(貨幣) and also to deal with short-term issues as they arise." Paulson said Tuesday in announcing the trip.

Paulson will begin the trip with a visit July 30 to Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in the country and an example of some of the environmental challenges facing China as it struggles to deal with pollution.

"The only way to make progress on climate change is to engage all the large economies, developed and developing, to work toward embracing cleaner technology and reducing giving off gas." Paulson said. "What's happening with the environment in the middle of China not only affects the local climate and economy but also the global climate and economy."

Paulson will meet on July 31 in Beijing with Hu and Vice Premier Wu Yi, who is leading the Chinese side in the strategic dialogue talks.

The administration is coming under pressure from Congress to show results from these discussions, particularly in the area of currency values. American manufacturers think that the yuan is undervalued by as much as 40 percent, which makes Chinese products cheaper for US consumers but makes it more difficult for US products to be sold in China.

The first strategic dialogue session was held in Beijing last December with a follow-up meeting in Washington in May. The two countries have promised to meet twice a year with the next session to take place in China later this year. An exact date has not yet been announced.

The Treasury Department said in a statement announcing the trip that Paulson in his meetings with Chinese leaders would raise issues of concern to Congress as well as follow up on issues that were regarded as most important items at the May meeting of the strategic dialogue.

 

Henry Paulson’s trip to China

(71)_____

July 30

The (72) _____ place of his visit

Qinghai Lake

The (73) _____ of his visit

To hold talks in Beijing with President Hu Jintao that will focus on the Strategic Economic Dialogue, high-level discussions （74）_____last year in an effort to deal with economic tensions between the US and China. To （75）_____long-term issues such as working with China to rebalance its growth and increase the flexibility of its currency and also to deal with short-term issues as they arise.

The important people he will visit

（76）_____Hu Jintao and Vice Premier Wu Yi

The （77）_____for his visit

Under pressure from （78）_____

Which session is to be held next time?

The（79）_____session is to take place in China later this year.

What is to be talked about with Hu Jintao?

Issues of （80）_____to Congress.

 

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：2010年高考英語(yǔ)試題分類匯編--交際用語(yǔ) 題型：任務(wù)型閱讀

 

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。

For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the‘‘sixth sense"of direction．By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer．

One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南針)．

Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁體)．So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines

itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south．When people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on oceanvoyages, even under

cloudy skies.

 Actuallly the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature．

 Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes．Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns．But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can they do that?

A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon．Not all pigeons can find their way home．Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied．

One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their

magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going．But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way．It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense．

Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees．These insects also seem to have a special sense ot direction．

In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary．How

would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.

An answer came from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the

mud of ponds and marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in

one direction—north．

Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which

proved magnetic．The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the

earth’s magnet．

The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led

to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In each

animal，except for the bee．the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain．

Thus．the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable．

 

The Magnetic Sense— The Living Compass

Passage outline

Supporting details

The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass

◇Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71)   ▲ 

  magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.

◇(72)   ▲   on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.

The possibility of birds’ built-in compasses

◇ One piece of evidence is the (73)   ▲    of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes.

◇ Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74)   ▲     under cloudy skies 

The  (75)   ▲     on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses

 

◇Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76)   ▲     their magnetic sense.

◇The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77)   ▲    days.

◇Similar things with the same results were done with bees.

The  (78)   ▲     of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass

◇Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79)   ▲    .

◇Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80)   ▲     inside their bodies.

 

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：2010年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）英語(yǔ) 題型：任務(wù)型閱讀

 

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。

For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the‘‘sixth sense"of direction．By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer．

One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南針)．

Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁體)．So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines

itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south．When people discovered that idea about athousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on oceanvoyages, even under

cloudy skies.

 Actuallly the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature．

 Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes．Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns．But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can they do that?

A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon．Not all pigeons can find their way home．Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied．

One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their

magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going．But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way．It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense．

Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees．These insects also seem to have a special sense ot direction．

In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary．How

would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.

An answer came from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the

mud of ponds and marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in

one direction—north．

Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which

proved magnetic．The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the

earth’s magnet．

The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led

to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In each

animal，except for the bee．the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain．

Thus．the idea of a built—in animal compass began to seem reasonable．

 

The Magnetic Sense— The Living Compass

Passage outline

Supporting details

The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass

◇Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71)   ▲ 

  magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.

◇(72)   ▲   on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.

The possibility of birds’ built-in compasses

◇ One piece of evidence is the (73)   ▲    of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes.

◇ Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74)   ▲     under cloudy skies 

The  (75)   ▲     on pigeons’ and bees’ built-in compasses

 

◇Little magnets were tied to the pigeons’ heads to (76)   ▲     their magnetic sense.

◇The pigeons’ magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77)   ▲    days.

◇Similar things with the same results were done with bees.

The  (78)   ▲     of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass

◇Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79)   ▲    .

◇Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80)   ▲     inside their bodies.

 

 

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