Who owns the large American companies that produce cars, washing machines, and television sets? They are owned by a large group of people called stockholders.
　　A company must have money to build factories and to buy machinery. To get this money, it sells shares of stock（股份）. Each share of stock is a share in the ownership of the company. The person who buys a share of stock becomes a part owner of the company. He is called a stockholder. A company can have thousands of stockholders. Sometimes a very large company is owned by millions of stockholders.
　　Few persons can afford to buy a whole company, but the average individual can become part owner of a business. He can save his dollars and buy a share of stock in a large company. A person does not have to be wealthy to be a stockholder.
　　When a company makes money, each stockholder may receive a dividend(股息) check, which is his share of the profits（利潤(rùn)）. Parts of a company’s profits are not paid out to the stockholders. This money is used by the company so it can grow larger. If the company does well, its shares of stock become more valuable.
　　More than 20 million people own shares of stock in America’s companies. By owning stock, they are helping America’s businesses grow. They are also putting their money to work to earn more money.
小題1:The story makes you think that _____.
A．a(chǎn) farmer is not allowed to buy the shares of stock
B．if a company does well, its shares of stock have no value
C．a(chǎn) person may own a part of the company that makes TV sets
D．the only people who can buy stocks are those who are wealthy
小題2:A dividend is the stockholder’s share of the _____.
A．company’s profits
B．company’s savings
C．company’s income
D．products made by the company
小題3:Why do companies keep part of their profits?
A．They want to buy the shares of stock, too.
B．They cannot find all the names of their stockholders.
C．They use the money to help the company grow larger.
D．They think they have sent their stockholders enough money.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:C

試題分析：本文介紹了一個(gè)大公司要想發(fā)展，需要很多人去投資，投資人按股份成為公司的股東，公司掙得利潤(rùn)一部分用來(lái)繼續(xù)投資公司的發(fā)展上，一部分分給股東們。
小題1:這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The person who buys a share of stock becomes a part owner of the company.C
小題2:這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)When a company makes money, each stockholder may receive a dividend(股息) check, which is his share of the profits（利潤(rùn)），當(dāng)公司掙錢時(shí)，每一個(gè)持股人都可以分利潤(rùn)，故選A。
小題3:這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Parts of a company’s profits are not paid out to the stockholders. This money is used by the company so it can grow larger. 公司的一部分利潤(rùn)用來(lái)擴(kuò)大公司，故選C。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：做細(xì)節(jié)理解題需要閱讀時(shí)對(duì)某些細(xì)節(jié)仔細(xì)琢磨。尤其應(yīng)注意有些表明作者觀點(diǎn)詞匯，如形容詞、副詞等。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

By the mid-nineteenth century, the “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families of their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursors of modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium(獎(jiǎng)金) price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
小題1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The influence of ice on the diet.
B．The development of refrigeration.
C．The transportation of goods to market.
D．Sources of ice in the nineteenth century.
小題2:According to the passage, when did the word “icebox” become part of the language of the United States?
A．in 1803B．sometime bore 1850
C．during the civil warD．near the end of the nineteenth century.
小題3:The phrase “forward-looking” in line 3 is closest in meaning to______.
A．progressiveB．popularC．thriftyD．well-established
小題4:The author mentions “fish” in the passage because _____.
A．many fish dealers also sold ice.
B．fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars.
C．fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
D．fish was not part of the ordinary person’s diet before the invention of the icebox.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When first entered, Vanak Restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob(烤羊肉串）hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less.
Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.
The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but the environment is truly charming.
Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Easterner cooking.
A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai, and reading local Persian newspapers all the while trying to finish off their plate piled with food.
The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large. Most of the meals can serve two people and are under $10, so not only is it affordable but practical as well.
The food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy, made with limited fat and oil and served straight off the grill (烤肉架).
The main dish that the restaurant is popular for is its kabobs, which are different styles of grilled meat.
One delicious and extremely healthy dish is the Joojeh Kabob, which is made of grilled chicken pieces served with either rice or bread. Another great kabob is the Chelo Kabob, kabob consisting of grilled beef.
Although the restaurant is small, the atmosphere and the food is delicious. It is a place that should not be overlooked.
小題1:When first entering the restaurant, one can find that it ________.
A．is splendidly decoratedB．has pleasant smells of kabobs
C．is crowded with dining tablesD．looks like a common restaurant
小題2:What activity is also mentioned apart from dining in the restaurant?
A．Watching news events on TV.
B．Drinking a kind of black coffee.
C．Reading local English newspapers.
D．Discussing world topics in low voices.
小題3:The food of the restaurant ________.
A．is served in small amountsB．is rather expensive
C．is rich in varietyD．is very healthy
小題4:What is the dish Joojeh Kabob mainly made of?
A．Rice.B．ChickenC．BreadD．Beef
小題5:It can be inferred from the passage that the restaurant ________.
A．occupies a large space
B．owns a favorable location
C．is popular for its special food
D．has a quiet environment inside

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Does being rich make you happy? Many studies on happiness give negative answers. Here are some points in being happy.
Basic Human Needs Must Be Met
People whose basic needs for shelter, clothing and food are not met will find it very difficult to feel happy. Of course, there are exceptions, but for most of us, we can only be happy once our basic needs are met.
The Joneses Cannot Be Escaped
People’s happiness is not determined by how much they have, but by how much people around them have. So, we tend to feel happy once our basic needs are met and we have more than the people surrounding us.
This means that while keeping up with the Joneses could be destructive if we let it go too far. It is also part of humana nature to want to feel at least on the same level, financially, as those surrounding us.
You Should Escape The Rat Race
We should know the importance of staying out of the rat race. So yes, you need to work hard, get the education you need to land a good job and work long enough and hard enough to get to a place where you can easily meet your basic needs. What are basic needs? For most middle or upper middle class Americans, basic needs are not very basic anymore.
For most of us, once our basic needs have been met, happiness is achieved when we engage in activities we like, spend time with friends and family and stay active. Making money for the sake of making money does not make people happy.
Ideally, these questions should be answered when you’re still young and just starting out. Don’t wait until your midlife crisis to realize that half your life has passed you by and you’re still unhappy.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The research on happiness.B．Key points on being happy.
C．What makes people feel unhappy.D．Being rich makes people happy.
小題2:In the view of the author, we know that ______.
A．people need to have a place to live first of all
B．human basic needs are not necessary for being happy
C．human basic needs are fundamental for being happy
D．one will be happy if he has enough money
小題3:What does the underlined phrase”the Joneses” in Paragraph 4 probably stand for?
A．Expensive things.B．Neighbors.
C．Money.D．Richer people.
小題4:From the passage, what is the purpose of people probably to do in “the rat race”?
A．To enjoy their life with family.
B．To get high education for better jobs.
C．To work too hard for money only.
D．To work hard for basic needs.
小題5:What’s the attitude of the author towards the passage?
A．Money is a big problem, but money isn’t everything.
B．The love of money is the root of all evil.
C．Money doesn’t grow on trees.
D．Money is happiness.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When I worked as a waitress in Chicago, US, my coworkers and I would sigh whenever we heard someone with a foreign accent coming into our restaurant. We knew what it meant to serve a non-American: no tip. We would work just as hard as we always did, but we might not get paid.
Americans have an unspoken rule about tipping: they give tips to almost everyone who offers them a service of some kind. Americans tip their waiters, barbers and taxi drivers. An appropriate tip is between 15 and 20 percent of the amount charged for the service (But the charge for the tip doesn’t appear on the bill. The customer is expected to add it himself/herself.) Tipping less than this sends a message to your waiters that you think they’ve done a bad job serving you. And to leave no tip at all is simply unacceptable.
It’s not that American waiters are greedy. In many countries, waiters are paid a salary for their work. They’ll earn money even if no one comes into the restaurant. This system offers much more safety for waiters than the American version. In the US, waiters know that a night without customers means a night without pay.
Some countries include a tip for waiters – a “service charge” – on the bill itself. Since the tip is included with the other charges, waiters don’t need to worry about people forgetting to tip. But in the US, waiters do not receive a salary, and service charges only appear on bills when there are six or more customers at the table.
Since almost all American customers are familiar with the system, they know to add a tip without being told. But visitors to the US may expect waiters to be paid a salary, or think that the tip is included on the bill.
So much as we waiters loved hearing stories about other places from our foreign customers, we were always nervous when they got ready to leave the restaurant. We were never sure what to expect.
小題1:If you order $200 worth of food, which of the following is a proper total payment?
A．$200B．$215C．$220D．$230
小題2:Why don’t some foreigners tip a waiter according to the writer?.
A．because they are unfamiliar with the American tip system .
B．because they are too mean to give tips to any waiter.
C．because they have difficulty communicating with waiters.
D．because they are not really easy to become satisfied.
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A. The service charge never appear on the bill in the USA.
B. Customers are usually expected to tip waiters in the USA.
C. Dining out in other countries is much more expensive than in the USA.
D. Waiters in other countries earn much more money than those in the USA.
小題4:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To complain about the difficult life of American waiters.
B．To warn other waiters not to serve any foreign customer.
C．To call on foreign customers to leave tips for American waiters.
D．To tell us something about American waiters’ salary system.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils. At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含義) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”
小題1:The underlined word in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.
A．programB．regulationC．correctionD．classification
小題2:What’s the passage mainly about?
A．A new scientific experiment.
B．The Self-fulfilling Effect.
C．Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”.
D．An improved teaching method.
小題3:The experiment was made in order to _________.
A．try out a new teaching method
B．pick out the most excellent pupils
C．learn if expectations affect performance
D．give each pupil a proper rating
小題4:What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?
A．Strict training from Higgins.
B．Her own strong will and hard work.
C．The proper way she was regarded.
D．Warm encouragement from Pickering.
小題5:According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”.
A．I’m sure you can make itB．I will help you any time
C．It is as easy as pieD．It doesn’t matter if you fail

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them
The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors（處理器）, or WPS as they are often called. 60% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.
There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager’s point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.
But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units（顯示器）. The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.
Whatever the arguments for and against word processor, they are a key feature of this revolution in office practice.
小題1:Ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_________.
A．these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computers
B．these computers could not do the work that small computers can do today
C．these computers did not come onto the market
D．these companies did not need to use this new technology
小題2:According to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work over the last ten years is __________.
A．the saving of time and money
B．the use of computers in small companies
C．the wide use of word processors
D．the decreasing number of secretaries
小題3:It is implied in the passage that with the use of word processors _________.
A．some secretaries will lose their jobs
B．daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours
C．medical problems related to work with a VDU have increased greatly
D．the British companies will make less money
小題4:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．There are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor.
B．The British companies care much for the health of the people using word processors.
C．The technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years.
D．Using word processors, secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses.
小題5:It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
A．safety screens are of poor quality
B．working at a VDU for a long time is good for one’s health
C．more and more British offices will use word processors
D．British companies will need fewer and fewer managers

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To get an extra 14 years of life, don’t smoke, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly and drink alcohol in a proper amount. That is according to a study published this Monday in the Public Library of Science Medicine Journal.
After tracking more than 20,000 people aged 45-79 years in the United Kingdom from about 1993-2007, Kay-Tee, Khaw of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues found that people who adopted these four healthy habits lived an average of 14 years longer than those who didn’t.
“We’ve known for a long time that these behaviors are good things to do, but we’ve not seen this benefit before, ” said Susan Jebb, head of Nutrition and Health at Britain’s Medical Research Council. “The benefit was also seen regardless of whether or not people were fat and what social class they came from.”
Study participants（參與者）scored a point each for not smoking, regular physical activity, eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day and moderate alcohol intake．
Public health experts said they hoped the study would inspire governments to introduce policies helping people to adopt these changes．But because the study only observed people rather than testing specific changes, it would be impossible to conclude that people who suddenly adopted these healthy behaviors would surely gain 14 years．
“We can't say that any person could gain 14 years by doing these things, ”said Dr．Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization．“The 14 years is an average across the population of what's theoretically（理論上地）possible．”
“Most people know that things like a good diet matter and that smoking isn't good for them, ”Susan Jebb said．“We need to work on providing people with much more practical support to help them change．”
小題1:Which of the following DOESN'T belong to the four healthy habits?
A．Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day．
B．Do proper exercise in the morning every day．
C．Drinking alcohol in the proper amount every day．
D．Having a cigarette before going to bed every day．
小題2:We can learn from the passage that            ．
A．Susan Jebb did not take part in the study．
B．the study observed people as well as tested specific changes．
C．there's no need for people under 45 to adopt these good habits．
D．only those from first class can benefit from these healthy behaviors．
小題3:What can be inferred from the passage?
A．All the people are well aware of the harm of their bad habits．
B．People aged 45 to 70 have bad habits in the United Kingdom．
C．Governments should take measures to help people change their bad habits．
D．People have adopted the four healthy habits after knowing they're good．
小題4:What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Smoking and Drinking Cuts You 14 Years
B．How to Live a Much Healthier Life
C．Healthy Habits May Give Extra 14 Years
D．How to Make Your Life Longer Than Others

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some expressions in English can be really puzzling. Have a look at the following to see how it challenges your brainpower.
Homeric laughter
The "Homer" in this expression is the Greek poet. People laugh differently. Some laugh silently, while others tend to laugh loudly. "Homeric laughter" refers to laughter of the latter kind. It is at times uncontrollable, and the entire body shakes during the process. This kind of laughter is called Homeric laughter because this is how the gods laughed in Homer's classics.
A three-ring circus
When you refer to a situation as being a three-ring circus, you are saying that it is a situation of complete confusion. There are so many activities taking place all together that they leave you confused or annoyed. The expression comes from the world of entertainment — the circus. The area where the artists perform their acts is called the "ring". In the past, some of the circuses were so grand that they had three acts taking place simultaneously in three different "rings". The audience had to decide which "ring" they wanted to focus on.
In the swim (of things)
When someone is in the swim of things, the individual is actively participating in the things happening around him, as in "I've been ill, but soon I’ll be back in the swim of thing." In the world of fishing, fishermen use the word "swim" to refer to the section of the lake/river where fish can be found in plenty. So, if you are a fisherman and wish to catch a lot offish, where would you be? You would be "in the swim".
Chickens have come home to roost
The word "roost" refers to the place where birds rest. It could be anything — the branch of a tree, a henhouse, etc. The expression is normally used to mean that the bad things that someone did in the past have come back to bite or upset the individual. In other words, one has to face the consequences of the deeds done in the past. The original form of this 700-year-old expression was "curses are like chickens; they always come home to roost".
小題1:Which of the following can best describe the picture?
A．Homeric laughterB．A three-ring circus
C．In the swim (of things)D．Chickens have come home to roost
小題2:What does the underlined word "simultaneously'(Paragraph 3) mean?
A．At the same time.B．Step by step.
C．All of a sudden.D．One after another.
小題3:lf you want to know more about such expressions, which website will you probably visit?
A．www.chinadaily.com.cn/sports/China.html
B．www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/university.html
C．www.chinadaily.com.cn/culuture/language.html
D．www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/fashion.html
小題4:The passage is written to       .
A．tell readers some old and interesting stories
B．indicate the development of English phrases
C．correct some misunderstandings about words
D．explain the meanings and origins of some phrases

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