Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older. Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills. A recently published study also appears to demonstrate that the good effects of training can last for many years after that training has ended.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland wanted to learn how long memory and thinking skills would last in older people who trained to keep them. The people were part of the ten-year research project. They were taught methods meant to improve their memory, thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks.
More than 2,800 volunteered for the study called ACTIVE - short for Advanced (Cognitive) Training for Independent and Vital Elderly. Most studied when they were more than 70 years old.
The volunteers took one of several short training classes meant to help them keep their mental abilities. One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists. Another group trained in reasoning. A third group received help with speed-of-processing - speed of receiving and understanding information. A fourth group - the control group did not get any training.
Earlier results had established that the training helped the participants for up to five years. Now, lead study writer George Rebok says, the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later.
Professor Rebok and his team found that the people trained in reasoning and speed-of-processing did better on tests than the control group.
"We are wondering whether those effects which endured over time would still be there ten years following the training, and in fact, that's exactly what we found."
The effect on memory, however, seemed not to last as long. Still, the old people in any of the three classes generally reported less difficulty in performing daily activities than the control group. The total training time for the older people was between 10 and 15 hours.
小題1:Which statement is true according to the text？
A．This kind of training can only have effect on people for a few years。
B．The people were trained during a period of ten years.
C．All the people who were studied were more than 70 years old.
D．The second group were trained how to remember word lists.
小題2:What can be inferred from the passage？
A．There were four groups being trained.
B．The old people trained can remember words better.
C．The second and third group improved their skills better than the first one.
D．The research showed that the effect of the training could absolutely last 10 years.
小題3:What’s the main idea of the fourth paragragh?
A．What was the meaning of the research?
B．How was the research conducted?
C．Why was the mental training effective?
D．How long did the research last?
小題4:What is the best title of the passage？
A．Mental Training Helped Elderly Stay Sharp for Years
B．How to improve our mental health
C．Four groups of old people were trained mentally.
D． The result of a ten-year research

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:A
文章介紹了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果：老年人進(jìn)行腦力訓(xùn)練有助于提高腦力水平，而且效果可以持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：A recently published study also appears to demonstrate that the good effects of training can last for many years after that training has ended.可知A是錯(cuò)的，從文章的第二段的句子：The people were part of the ten-year research project. 可知這些受訓(xùn)練的人是參加的十年的研究項(xiàng)目。從第三段的句子：Most studied when they were more than 70 years old.可知C是錯(cuò)的，從第三段的句子：One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists. Another group trained in reasoning.可知D是錯(cuò)的，所以選B。
小題2:推理題：從第三段的內(nèi)容：One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists. Another group trained in reasoning. A third group received help with speed-of-processing - speed of receiving and understanding information. 可知第一組是訓(xùn)練記憶能力，第二第三組是訓(xùn)練推理和接受，理解信息的速度，再由最后一段的句子：The effect on memory, however, seemed not to last as long可知進(jìn)行記憶力訓(xùn)練的老人效小題3:段落大意題：從第三段的內(nèi)容：可知這段是具體介紹這項(xiàng)調(diào)查是怎么實(shí)施的，選B
小題4:標(biāo)題確定題：通讀全文和第一段的句子：Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older. Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills. 可知通過(guò)訓(xùn)練可以提高老人的腦力，而且效果可以持續(xù)多年，所以A是最貼切的標(biāo)題。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There was a sweet smell of incense (香) in the air as the well­muscled man moved his legs into a position well behind his head.It was something that the human body really should not be able to do.But what else would you expect at the First World Yoga Championships?
On September 25，the world’s leading yoga experts arrived in the US to find out who was the best.But the real prize was to turn yoga into a proper Olympic event.
“Yoga is a combination of bodybuilding，Miss World，Mr Universe and gymnastics，” said championship organizer Bikram Choudhury.“There are some 70 people from more than 20 countries competing in this event.Why not have yoga at the Olympics？”
The public cannot decide whether or not Choudhury’s dream will come true.But he is right about one thing：yoga has become popular with young and old people all over the world.In the US alone,15 million people practise yoga.Everyone is at it，including Madonna and Ricky Martin.
Yoga started in India more than 5,000 years ago.The name means “to join together”．That is to bring the body and mind together into one pleasing experience.The whole system of yoga is built on three things：exercise，breathing and meditation (沉思)．
The yoga that we know today is mostly physical yoga.It’s seen as a type of exercise，but is different from sports like football or running.When we do yoga，we move our body into positions that stretch the muscles and joints，making them stronger.
One of the best things about yoga is the fact that everyone can do it.To women，it means a flat stomach，more shapely legs and a graceful body.To men，it is a way of becoming stronger and more athletic.
There are also specially­designed yoga classes for pregnant women or children suffering from mental disabilities，such as autism (孤獨(dú)癥)．As for teenagers，meditation and simple breathing exercises can help them learn to calm down，relax and concentrate better.But teenagers under  16  are  not supposed to do the body exercises as it could have a bad effect on their natural growth.
小題1:What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Something sportsmen should not do in practising yoga.
B．Basic skills that are required in performing yoga.
C．The performance of the sportsmen at the First World Yoga Championships.
D．The unique setting where yoga is performed.
小題2:What is Choudhury’s dream in the passage?
A．Turning yoga into a proper Olympic event.
B．Making all Americans practise yoga.
C  Winning the First World Yoga Championships.
D．Getting the public support for promoting yoga.
小題3:Why does the author mention Madonna and Ricky Martin in the fourth paragraph?
A．To compare the differences between the young and the old.
B．To describe the extensive popularity of yoga in the US.
C．To emphasize the importance of practising yoga.
D．To explain the strong influence of public figures in the US.
小題4:Which statement is NOT true about yoga?
A．It is a type of exercise which benefits the body and mind.
B．It makes muscles and joints stronger by stretching.
C．It contains exercise，breathing and meditation.
D．It is similar to the sports like football or running.
小題5:According to the passage，who does not need to pay special attention in practising yoga?
A．Women to be mothers.　　B．Teenagers under 16.
C．Adult men.　　D．Children with autism.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.
The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations(捐贈(zèng)物). They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.
Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.
The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding（資助）medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment. （08天津卷）
小題1:The author loves the charity shop mainly because of _______.
A．its convenient location
B．its great variety of goods
C．its spirit of goodwill
D．its nice shopping environment
小題2:The first charity shop in the UK was set up to ____.
A．sell cheap products
B．deal with unwanted things
C．raise money for patients
D．help a foreign country
小題3: Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops?
A．The operating costs are very low.
B．The staff are usually well paid.
C．90% of the donations are second-hand.
D．They are open twenty-four hours a day.
小題4: Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A．What to Buy a Charity Shops.
B．Charity Shop: Its Origin & Development.
C．Charity Shop: Where You Buy to Donate.
D．The Public’s Concern about Charity Shops.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I have never met a successful person who wasn’t 100% prepared. Once you realize the advantage that exceptional __21___ gives, it becomes a lifelong habit.
Ivan Lendl is a typical example. He has thought about every side to his game, _22___ it is playing plan against an opponent, or his diet, or fitness program. But what really __23____ me was when he told me he also knew the airline and flight number he was taking to the city in question. That is the way he __24___ everything. It is one element that has made him a champion.
One reason many of us aren’t prepared is that we rarely appreciate it. And if anyone does find out we have prepared carefully to make certain we __25___ our goal, we may well be laughed at. In fact, many people are afraid to be prepared: if they are, they lose an excellent _26____when they fail.
In sport, you meet athletes who let it be known they are not in top condition for a competition. It __27___ the pressure. If they lose, they were not at their best. If they win, they go beyond everyone’s __28___. This is a classic 50% solution: you win some, you lose some. Then there are the people who do their preparation in public. They constantly tell you how hard they are working. That way, if they fail, it is not because they did not try. This is the 75% solution: prepare well, give it your best, let things turn out as they will.
The very best performers, __29___ , spend hidden hours to make sure that they are No. 1. They don’t need or want the world to see them sweat. This is the 110% solution: First determine the __30__ result. Then calculate your effort.
21       A. chance            B. possibility         c. preparation         D. ambition
22       A. whether       B. when                c. whatever            D. if
23       A. amused           B. delighted           c. astonished          D. confused
24       A. works out     B. deals with          c. gets to         D. acts as
25       A. acquire            B. achieve             c. possess               D. have
26       A. reason             B. explanation        c. prediction          D. excuse
27       A. relieves           B. releases             c. rejects                D. regulates
28       A. expectations     B. wishes           c. ideas                  D. opinions
29       A. yet                B. however        c. besides               D. furthermore
30       A. desired            B. acquired            c. admired             D. prepared

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Doctors say obesity，also known as severe overweight，is a complex condition.A doctor may advise medical interventions(醫(yī)療干預(yù)) in addition to changes in behavior.But experts say the more successful weight­loss plans include a well­balanced diet and exercise.
People who want to avoid weight gain have to balance the number of calories they eat with the number of calories they use.To lose weight，you can reduce the number of calories you take in，or increase the number you use，or both.Experts at the National Institutes of Health say to lose weight，a person should do some moderate or intensive physical exercise most days of the week.This could include fast walking，sports or strength training.
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Christopher Gardner led the study，reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association. He said the Atkins diet may be more successful because of its simple message to lower the intake of sugar.Also，he said the advice to increase protein in the diet leads to more satisfying meals.
But last week，another report suggested that only a small minority of people have long­term success in dieting.Researchers at the University of California found that most dieters regained their lost weight within five years.And often they gained back even more.But those who kept the weight off generally were the ones who exercised.
小題1:All the following is helpful to lose weight EXCEPT________.
A．a(chǎn) healthy dietB．physical exercise
C．medical interventionsD．being polite to others
小題2:You are most likely to gain too much weight if________.
A．you eat the same number of calories as the number you use
B．you take in less calories than the number you use
C．you take in more calories than the number you use
D．you take exercise regularly on the weekdays
小題3:The third paragraph mainly tells us that________.
A．there are four popular dieting plans in the USA
B．the Atkins diet has the best effect on losing weight
C．lots of women attended diet classes every day
D．dieting plan is the most important
小題4:Which one of the following is NOT right according to this passage?
A．The change of your life habits can help you lose weight.
B．You’d better exercise once a week to lose some weight.
C．The Atkins diet may be good because of lowering the intake of sugar.
D．Some people gain weight back for their unhealthy diet.
小題5:Which one of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．Successful Weight­loss PlansB．Four Popular Dieting Plans
C．What Is the Atkins Diet?D．Few People Fail in Losing Weight

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Car crashes are the top killer of American teenagers．Most of the crashes result from distracted driving not paying attention to the road．
Ryan Didone was a fifteen-year-old passenger in a car that hit a tree．He was one of the nation's more than thirty thousand victims of traffic crashes in 2008．Nearly four thousand deaths, about twelve percent, involved drivers aged fifteen to twenty．Ryan's father, Thomas Didone, is a police captain in Montgomery County, Maryland．He said, "It was an inexperienced, immature driver who felt that he was invincible(不可戰(zhàn)勝的), driving at night with a carload of kids．He was distracted, he was going too fast, and it ended up causing one death and some upsetting experiences and tragedy for the rest of the community."
Jim Jennings from the Allstate Insurance Company said "The number one cause of distracted-driving accidents is the mobile phone．Talking on the phone or reaching for it is like drinking four beers and driving．If you're texting while driving, you are twenty-three times more likely to get into an accident than somebody who isn't．
Reaching for a cell phone when it's going off, you're nine times more likely to get into an accident than normally driving," The insurance industry recently held a safety event near Washington for teen drivers．
At first, nineteen-year-old Kevin Schumann easily avoided large, inflatable dolls thrown in front of the car to represent children．He also avoided orange cones representing the edge of the road．Then, as part of the test, he started texting. He hit several cones and at least one doll．
Debbie Pickford from the Allstate Insurance Company said, "Teens are especially at risk from distracted driving—and not just because they lack experience on the roads．What we know from research on teen brain development, is that teens don't really have fully developed brains until they are twenty-five years old. You put those two things together and you get a much, much higher risk.”
小題1:According to the passage, _____is the most likely to lead to a traffic accident while you are driving．
A．texting on the mobile phoneB．reaching for a cell phone．
C．talking on the mobile phoneD．bringing along a cell phone
小題2:A safety event held by insurance industry was meant to _   _.
A．a(chǎn)ttract more teenagers to take part in it
B．draw enough attention to teenagers' distracted driving
C．make more teenagers practice avoiding large barriers
D．encourage more teenagers to pay for insurance protection
小題3:The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about ____．
A．much higher riskB．teen brain developmen
C．experience on the roadsD．measures to be taken t
小題4:Of all the following, which is the best title for the passage?
A．Car Crashes —the Top Killer.
B．Distracted Driving —Let's Avoid!
C．Drunken Driving — Dangerous Enough！
D．Tips on Driving While Calling

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The World Health Organization and several other United Nations agencies are calling for a major new effort to fight malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS. These three infectious diseases killed almost 6 million people last year. That is about 10 percent of the total number of deaths around the world last year.
The WHO and UN agencies released a new report at the World Economic Forum in New York City earlier this month. The document says that deaths around the world from malaria and tuberculosis could be cut in half by the year 2010. It also says the number of deaths from AIDS could be reduced 25 percent within that same time period.
The report is called “Calling Up the Response to Infectious Diseases.” It calls for huge new investments in methods to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Officials say money is needed for research and to purchase drugs. Money is also needed to devices to prevent diseases, such as bed nets. Bed nets prevent mosquitoes that carry malaria from biting people while they sleep.
David Heymann, director of the infectious disease program at the World Health Organization, says that providing effective drug treatments is important for improving peoples’ health and economic well – being. Reducing disease can also help improve economic growth in developing countries.
The WHO report also describes successful health programs in developing countries. In Peru, for example, the number of tuberculosis cases was cut in half by increasing the treatment to control the disease. In Vietnam, malaria was reduced 97 percent through the use of bed nets. And in Uganda, cases of the virus that causes AIDS were cut in half among pregnant women and children through the use of anti – AIDS drugs.
This new international health campaign is estimated to cost about 12,000 million dollars a year. So far, officials say the campaign has about 2,000 million dollars. The WHO says the campaign will need stronger relationships among government, private aid agencies, and drug companies to succeed.
小題1:According to the report         is the disease most difficult to fight.
A．malariaB．tuberculosisC．AIDSD．influenza
小題2:To prevent these diseases, a large amount of money is needed to          .
A．to buy food and pay for the caretakers
B．do research work, buy drugs and devices
C．take care of the families of the deaths
D．set up more hospitals and health institutions
小題3:We can infer from the text that reducing infectious diseases is          .
A．to help the countries develop better
B．to promote cooperation between countries
C．to help people get more scientific knowledge
D．to help people get a cleaner environment
小題4:Most serious infectious diseases spread mainly in         .
A．AfricaB．South America
C．AsiaD．developing countries
小題5:To fight the diseases,         is necessary.
A．better environment
B．cooperation between different people
C．to wipe out the pests
D．more drugs and money

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A new study has found evidence of aggressive (攻擊性的) behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds. Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. They were also asked to complete a checklist of their children’s behavior.
The researchers have found that 43 percent of the children drink at least one daily serving of soda, and 4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day.
Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they’ve found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression.
“For the children who consume four or more soft drinks per day, we see more withdrawn behaviors, which make them hard to get along well with others.”
The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child’s age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home.
Researches are trying to find why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems. An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons (武器) and show signs of negative social behavior.
小題1:What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?
A．Scientific TechnologyB．Science Fictions
C．Social NewsD．Health Report
小題2:The underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by the word ______.
A．backwardB．unsocialC．generousD．friendly
小題3:Researchers studied the following aspects of the children except ______.
A．a(chǎn)geB．sexC．gamesD．parents
小題4:According to the research, which of the following is right?
A．Mothers were asked to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a three-month period.
B．4 percent of the youngsters have even four or fewer sodas to drink every day.
C．Children who drink no soda show fewer aggressive behaviors.
D．Children with the highest sugar levels tend to carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior.
小題5:After a further study on ingredients in soda, Shakira Suglia implies that the direct cause of the aggressive behaviors may be ______.
A．soft drinksB．a(chǎn)ttention problems
C．caffeineD．social conditions

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.
Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.
“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.
WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(發(fā)病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.
Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.
The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.
Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.
“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.
小題1:Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph?
A．protectB．preventC．developD．cure。
小題2:Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text?
A．Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk.
B．Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world.
C．Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers.
D．Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.
小題3:Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
A．Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers
B．Cancer is a leading cause of death
C．Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases
D．The incidence of common cancers is rising
小題4:By writing the passage, the author mainly intends to ____.
A．a(chǎn)dvise people to develop healthier lifestyle.
B．warn people of the danger of cancers
C．explain why many people die from cancers every year.
D．introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers
小題5:We can infer from Peter Baldini’s opinion in the last two paragraphs that ____.
A．a(chǎn)ll the lung cancers are linked to smoking
B．there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one
C．a(chǎn)ll governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health
D．it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking

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