Washoe, a female chimpanzee (黑猩猩) believed to be the first non-human to acquire human language, has died of natural causes at the research institute where she was kept.The chimp died on Tuesday night, according to Roger and Deborah Fouts, co-founders of The Chimpanzee and Human Communications Institute in Washington, where she lived.
Washoe was born in 1965 in Africa, where she was captured by the Air Force and taken to the US for research use in the space program. In 1966, she left the program and began living with two scientists, Allen and Beatrix Gardner, who led a project to teach the chimp American Sign Language (ASL) in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named. Washoe had been living on Central Washington University’s Ellensburg Campus since 1980. She had a vocabulary of about 250 words. Also, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimps: Tatu, 31, Loulis, 29, and Dar, 31
Primate (靈長類) researcher Jane Goodall, in Fouts’ book Next of Kin, noted the importance of the work with Washoe. “Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a window into a chimpanzee’s mind,” Goodall said.
Though previous efforts to teach chimps spoken languages had failed, the researchers believed there was a better chance using signs. But Washoe’s language skills were disputed by scientists who believed that language is unique to humans. Among those who doubted that chimps could use language were linguist (語言學(xué)家) Noam Chomsky and Harvard scientist Steven Pinker. They believed primates simply learn to perform certain acts in order to receive rewards, and do not acquire true language. 
小題1:As for its first task, Washoe was involved with _______.
A．some space research
B．a(chǎn) study on African animals
C．a(chǎn)n ASL project
D．the program of training the Air Force
小題2:In Goodall’s opinion, teaching Washoe ASL ______.
A．was not successful
B．led to the book Next of Kin
C．won honor for Fouts
D．made a difference
小題3:In the last paragraph, the underlined word “disputed” probably means “______”.
A．supported
B．studied
C．questioned
D．discussed
小題4:What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The ASL project was first set up in Africa for the study on Washoe.
B．Washoe may communicate with other chimps by signing.
C．Washoe must have been able to speak 250 words or so.
D．The researchers will prove that most chimps could use language.
小題5:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Washoe was the first animal to be taught human language.
B．Washoe, the chimp, was named in honor of a place.
C．There were four chimps in total at Ellensburg Campus.
D．Chomsky believed primates only perform silent signs.

小題1:A
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:B

小題1:從第三段第一句可知，Washoe的第一項任務(wù)是參與太空研究項目（research use in the space program）。
小題2:倒數(shù)第二段中“Roger, through his ongoing conversations with Washoe and her extended family, has opened a window into a chimpanzee’s mind”是對“the importance of the work with Washoe”的具體說明。
小題3:從“who believed that language is unique to humans”和“doubted”等詞句可推知，科學(xué)家對Washoe’s language skills持質(zhì)疑態(tài)度。
小題4:從第三段中最后一句可知，Washoe還教其它黑猩猩學(xué)習(xí)手勢語，因此B項推理正確。
小題5:從“… in Washoe, Nevada, for which it was named”可知，Washoe是為紀(jì)念一個地名而起的
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物種). That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.
Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”
小題1:The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.
A．make efforts to clone the endangered pandas
B．save endangered animals from dying out
C．collect DNA of endangered animals to study
D．transfer the nuclear of one animal to another
小題2:According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.
A．a(chǎn)vailable panda eggsB．host animals
C．qualified researchersD．enough money
小題3:The best title for the passage may be _______.
A．China’s Success in Pandas Cloning
B．The First Cloned Panda in the World
C．Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas
D．China —the Native Place of Pandas Forever
小題4:From the passage we know that _______.
A．Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog
B．scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit
C．Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches
D．a(chǎn)bout two thousand of species will probably die out in a century

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For many years, enironmental problems have been a major concern to people. Almost all things are related to the word “Green”, say, green buildings. A green building means not only the colour of the paint. Also, it also refers to environmentally friendly houses, factories and offices.
Green building means “reducing the impact（影響）of the building on the land”, Taryn Holowka of the US Green Building Council in Washington.D.C. said. According to Holowka, buildings account for 65 percent of total US electricity use.
But green buildings can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don’t destroy forests.
Marty Dettling is project manager for a building that put these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country’s first green high-rise building. According to Dettling, “We’ve reduced our energy use by one-third and our water by 50 percent.”
The Solaire cuts energy in part by using solar power. “On the surface of the building we have solar panels（電池板）which change the sun’s energy into electricity,” Dettling explained.
The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the building has lots of windows, allowing people to use the sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts water by reusing it.
Not everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy source. Anyhow, Holowka said, “It is going to take off.”
小題1: “A green building”most refers to a____________ building according to the passage.
A．not ripe or modernB．covering green color
C．environmentally friendlyD．fresh or new
小題2:All of the following are the reasons why green buildings are environmentally friendly except that_______.
A．they can reduce energy and water use in many ways
B．they are often built on an area of land which has already been used for buildings.
C．people can collect energy from sunsight to heat water and produce electricity
D．they are equipped with lots of modern but cheaper equipment
小題3:According to the passage, green buildings don‘t usually stand on faraway and inconvenient areas bacause________.
A．the places will cause a lot of trouble and inconvenience to consruction work
B．cars will give off more pollution and more forests will be destroyed
C．the environment of the places is not better than that of big cities
D．the places are poorly equipped and unfriendly.
小題4:The underlined sentence “It is going to take off” in the last paragraph most probably means that green buildings__________.
A．will become successful and popular very quickly
B．will be begining to disappear
C．will be more modern.
D．will replace traditional buildings.
小題5:The text mainly deals with the topic that_______.
A．Dettling designed the first green building in the US.
B．Energy shortage calls for buildings of new design
C．The Solaire serves as a model of high buildings.
D．Green buildings help save environment.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Electronic waste, or e-waste, refers to electronic products that are no longer usable. This can include TVs, cell phones and computers and other office electronics, electronic toys and videos machines. Today, the average turnover（更換）rate for a computer in the United States is every two years, according to the environmental group, Greenpeace.
The group's Dai Yun says e-waste is a global problem. "The electronic industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The high speed of growth in this industry means more and more electronic products are being wasted and thrown away. If no one decides to retrieve the old products and process them properly, the electronic waste will sweep over the earth like the huge wave behind me and pollute the Earth seriously."
Greenpeace works out that 20 to 50 million tons of e-waste are produced globally each year. The components（部件）in many electronic products contain harmful chemicals that pollute ground water and the environment.
At present , the U.S. has no federal law for the disposal (處理) of e-waste although a few states have e-waste recycling programs in place, but there is no law. The U.S. exports much of its e-waste to third world countries, such as India and China, where workers took apart computers for valuable parts, hoping to sell them for money. But harmful wastes expert, Dr. Bakul Rao, says that's a dangerous practice. "From now on, the recyclers are not very educated. All they know is they can retrieve copper or gold out of it. So, the easiest way to do that is leach (過濾) it out in an acid or burn it off to retrieve it. So, that's where they don't know how to deal with it, neither do they have any health systems in place. So, their exposure is more."
小題1:Which of the following is most likely not to be a form of e-waste?
A．A mobile phoneB．A radio C．An e-bikeD．A table
小題2:What does the underlined word "retrieve" (paragraph 2) probably mean?
A．look intoB．take apartC．get backD．throw away
小題3:What of the following statements is true according to the passage？
A．The U.S. has strict national laws for dealing with e-waste.
B．Third world countries import e-waste to get valuable parts, which is a safe and easy way to
make money.
C．The way uneducated workers deal with old computers does great harm to the environment as well as to their own health.
D．More and more electronic waste is being wasted and thrown away mainly because of
people's bad habits.
小題4:What is the purpose of writing the passage?
A．To attract more people's attention to e-waste.
B．To call on people not to throw away e-waste anywhere.
C．To tell people what e-waste is and how to deal with it well.
D．To warn people to break away from the electronic industry.
小題5: The next paragraph probably concerns_______.
A．how to deal with e-waste properly
B．how to protect ourselves from harm by e-waste
C．How to slow down the development in the electronic industry
D．how to make full use of e-waste

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Biomass energy (生物能).often forgotten as a promising alternative (替代物) to oil, received its day in the sun with the gathering of the Bio-Energy World Congress and Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, late in April, 1990. Nearly 1, 700 scien­tists, businessmen, and policy-makers, one-quarter from the foreign nations, gathered for a week to discuss various means of squeezing usable energy out of trees, crops, manure, sea­weed, algae, and urban waste. Biomass in the United States contributes 2. 5 percent of the total supply, but this amount can be doubled by 2000 and then doubled again by the year 2010.
Eight percent of Sweden’s energy supply, for example, is presently coming from wood bark and pulp remainings, Sweden intends to raise this percentage by more intensive harvesting of waste food lying around in forests, and through the planting of so-called energy forests of fast-growing trees such as willow and birch.
Brazil is frequently pointed to as a nation with a major successful investment (投資)in energy coming from grains: it presently runs 330,000 automobiles on a water and alcohol (酒精) mixture, replacing 10 percent of its previous oil sup­ply. Brazilian representatives (代表) at the conference said they wish to double this in five years, with a final goal of total replacement. Most of the cars are built at the factory to use the mixture, while older models are changed through low-cost gov­ernment programs.
4. In Line 2, the phrase received its day in the sun most probably means ________.
A. came to the public mind                    B. had its turn in the sunlight
C. was regarded as a solar energy                  D. came from the energy of the sun
5. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
A. 1, 700 scientists attended the conference.
B. A quarter of American businessmen were present at the conference.
C. Foreign policy-makers accounted for a quarter.
D. Three-quarters of the representatives were from the U. S.
6. Of the total supply in 2010, biomass in the U. S. will be________.
A. 5%              B.20%              C.10%              D.15%
7. Which of the following is not regarded as biomass energy?
A. Willow and seaweed.                     B. Wood and grains.
C. Water and alcohol mixture.              D. Crops and oil mixture.
8. A suitable title for this passage would be ________.
A. An Energy Conference                    B. Approval of Biomass Energy
C. Bio-Energy for Automobiles       D. Keys to Energy Crisis

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Across the world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. More than 2.5 billion people lack basic sanitation.(衛(wèi)生設(shè)備)

The combination proves deadly. Each year, diseases related to inadequate water and sanitation kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world. Safe drinking water is a precondition for health and the fight against child death rate, inequality between men and women, and poverty.
Consider these facts:
●The average distance that women in Africa and Asia walk to collect water is 6 kilometers.
●Only 58 percent of children in sub-Saharan Africa are drinking safe water. and only 37 percent of children in South Asia have access to even a basic toilet.
●Each year in India alone, 73 million working days are lost to water-borne diseases.
Here are three ways you can help:
1)Write Congress
Current U.S. foreign aid for drinking water and sanitation budgets only one dollar per year per American citizen. Few members of Congress have ever received a letter from voters about clean drinking water abroad.
2)Sponsor a project with a faith-based organization
Many U.S. religious groups already sponsor water and sanitation projects, working with partner organizations abroad. Simply put a single project by a U.S. organization can make safe water a reality for thousands of people.
3)Support nonprofit water organizations
Numerous U.S.-based nonprofits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects related to drinking water and sanitation. Like the sample of non-profits noted as follows, some organizations are large, other small-scale, some operate worldwide, others are devoted to certain areas in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. Support them generously.
1. The three facts presented in the passage are used to illustrate that________.
A. poverty can result in water-borne diseases
B. people have no access to clean drinking water
C. women’s rights are denied in some developing countries
D. safe drinking water should be a primary concern
2. The intended readers of the passage are________.
A.  Americans               
B. overseas sponsors
C.  Congressmen   
D .  U.S.-based water organizations
3. The main purpose of the passage is to call on people to _________.
A. get rid of water-related diseases in developing countries
B. donate money to people short of water through religious groups
C. fight against the worldwide water shortage and sanitation problem
D. take joint action in support of some nonprofit water organizations
4. What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph?
A. A variety of companies and their worldwide operation.
B. A list of nonprofit water organizations to make contact with.
C. Some ways to get financial aids from U.S. Congress.
D. A few water resources exploited by some world-famous organizations.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Word Power
Author(s): Kaplan  $13.95
You’ll never be at a loss for words again. Energize your vocabulary with must-know everyday words that are the essentials of a good vocabulary, engaging lessons to help you use words in text, hot words often found on tests, tips to help you figure out new words, roots, and more.
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Author(s): Russell Stauffer  $ 17.95
Now this is the way to add new words to your vocabulary! Word Smart Junior will make you laugh so much. You’ll be amazed that you’ve just learned more than 120 fascinating and very useful words! Parents, teachers, and friends will marvel at your eloquence (口才)!
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Author(s): Marcia Reynolds  $ 16.85
Do you quake when your teacher says, “Now it’s time for grammar”? Do your verbs agree with your subjects?
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Grammar Smart: An Audio Guide to Perfect Usage
Author(s): Julian Fleisher    $ 12.68
The words you use say a lot about you … but the way you put them together says even more. Your grammar makes an immediate and lasting impression on your teachers, and even your friends. So don’t make the mistake of thinking that grammar is too complicated. We’ve created Grammar Smart to help you write and speak with clarity and confidence.
Grades: 6-8  Ages: 11-13 
小題1:If a ten-year-old boy wants himself to be admired because of his speech ability, he may buy _______.
A．Word Power
B．Word Smart Junior
C．Grammar Smart Junior
D．Grammar Smart: An Audio Guide to Perfect Usage
小題2: By saying “You’ll finally know your grammar backwards and forwards”, the writer means “________”.
A．You will be clearly familiar with grammar
B．You will know the history of grammar
C．You will know the make-up of grammar
D．You will learn about the future of grammar
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How to eat healthfully can be espeically complex for working women who often have neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves (or for anyone else). Registered dietitian(營養(yǎng)專家)Barhara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help.
“Go for nutrient?dense foods,”she suggests, “foods that contain a multiple of nutrients. For example, select whole wheat bread as a breakfast food, rather than coffee cake. Or drink orange juice rather than orange drink, which contains only a small percentage of real juice-the rest is largely colored sugar water. You just can’t compare the value of these foods, the nutrient?dense ones are so superior, ”she emphasizes.
Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life—it’s the foundation of a healthful diet. Diets which are based on one or two foods are not only virtually impossible to keep up the strength, they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients aren’t supplied in sufficient amounts or balance.
According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that can cure your illnesses, or make you superwoman is a fruitless search. As women, many of us are too concerned with staying thin, she says, and we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food.
“We need carbohydrates, protein and fat—they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are like the match, the spark, for the fuel,”she explains. “We need them all, but in a very different proportions. And if the fuel isn’t there, the spark is useless.”
12.From the paragraph we know that working women .          
think cooking is especially complicated
do not share the same views with registered dietitians
are busy and not interested in cooking           
D.  are likely to eat healthfully
13.Orange juice is different from orange drink in that            .
A.it contains only a small percentage of real juice
B.it is natural, nutritious and prepared from real oranges
C.it is largely orangecolored sugar water
D.it produces nothing but calories
14.In Paragraph 4, “a fruitless search”means            .
A.an effort with no results                    
B.a search for a diet without fruits
C.a research on fruitless diet                 
D.a diet serving as medicine
15.Many women take it for granted, according to passage that            .
A.a balanced diet can result in being fat
B.staying thin and healthy are both possible
C.lack of variety in diets leads to staying thin
D.vitamins are some kind of subsitutions for food
16.By “if the fuel isn’t there, the spark is useless”,the author means            .
A.carbohydrates, protein and fat are enough to support a human life
B.vitamins and minerals are virtually of no valuew.
C.carbohydrates, protein and fat are as important as vitamins and minerals
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


As she waited at the edge of the ice for her music to start,. Peggy took a quick look at her father standing nearby with a group of parents and teachers. He smiled at her. Then she 1._____ out at the audience, 2._____ to see her mother. These two, Alvert and Doris Flemint, had 3._____ all the way from California more than 2,000 miles away, to see their 4._____ compete in this sports meet in Cleveland, Ohio.
The music 5._____ and Peggy moved onto the ice, letting the music 6._____ her along into her turns, and she began skating with much 7._____ in herself. The cold fear she always had in the 8._____ seconds before skating onto the ice was 9._____. She was feeling the movement of the 10._____ and letting it carry her. She skated easily, 11._____ did some jumps, a final turn and her performance was 12._____.
The crowd loved it and cheered 13._____ she skated off the ice. “Nice job,” said one of the other 14._____. It was the remark that 15._____ came after a free-skating performance. But what should the 16._____ say? Standing beside her father, Peggy 17._____ for the scoring to be finished. On all sides were other young skaters, some waiting 18._____ alone, others with a parent. Shortly before 10 o’clock the results were 19._____. The new United States Women’s Figure Skating Champion was Peggy Fleming of Passdena, 20._____.
小題1:
A．lookedB．watchedC．foundD．stepped
小題2:
A．failingB．looking forwardC．wanting . D．hoping
小題3:
A．bicycledB．drivenC．runD．walked
小題4:
A．friend B．childrenC．son D．daughter
小題5:
A．startedB．played C．developed D．sang
小題6:
A．a(chǎn)llow B．set out C．carryD．support
小題7:
A．thoughtB．beliefC．success D．design
小題8:
A．followingB．last C．recent D．past
小題9:
A．lostB．presentC．strong D．gone
小題10:
A．music B．fearC．ice D．a(chǎn)udiences
小題11:
A．so B．or C．before D．then
小題12:
A．satisfied B．unsatisfactoryC．finished D．welcome
小題13:
A．because B．until C．before D．a(chǎn)s
小題14:
A．skaters B．parents C．judgesD．parents
小題15:
A．a(chǎn)lways B．seldom C．a(chǎn)gainD．hardly
小題16:A players        B. audience               C. judges         D. parents
小題17:
A．waitedB．lookedC．wished D．a(chǎn)sked
小題18:
A．comfortably B．hurriedly C．happilyD．a(chǎn)nxiously
小題19:
A．cried outB．let outC．a(chǎn)nnounced D．declared
小題20:
A．England B．ClevelandC．OhioD．California

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