One genetic mutation(基因突變)occurs on average for every 15 cigarettes that a typical lung-cancer patient smokes, according to a study that has found for the first time all of the mutations happen during the lifetime of a cancer patient.

Scientists have completed a full genetic examinations of the genomes（基因組） of cancer patients, and hope the information will lead to a basic understanding of the causes of cancer—and possibly drugs and treatments—by making out the mutations that turn a healthy cell into a cancerous tumor cell.

 They studied a lung-cancer patient who had about 23,000 DNA mutations in his lung cells that were connected with exposure(暴露) to the toxins found in cigarette smoke and had built up over his lifetime.

They also looked at a patient with malignant melanoma(惡性黑色腫瘤), the most dangerous form of skin cancer, who had got 30,000 special mutations known to be connected with exposure to sunlight.

Scientists believe this new finding into the genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs and perfect treatments that aim at the specific changes to the gene that cause the disease, as well as new techniques for discovering following cancers that have escaped from treatment in other parts of the body.

“For the first time, we have a complete map of all mutations in a cancer cell,” said Dr. Peter Campbell, who led the Cancer Genome project to work out the whole DNA system of tumor cells in order find the mutations.

A similar method was performed on the cells of a patient with skin cancer, which is how the researchers were able to show that the malignant skin cells contained changes that resulted from exposure to light.

“These are the two main cancers in the developed world for which we know the chief exposure. For lung cancer it is cigarette smoke, and for malignant melanoma it is exposure to sunlight,” Professor Campbell said.

1.What can the genetic examination of the genomes of cancer patients be used for?

   A.To help the professors to win the Nobel Prizes.

   B.To advance the study of reason and cure of cancer.

   C.To make the medicine industries earn more money.

   D.To help the cancer patients reduce their pain.

2.The underlined word in the third paragraph can be placed by_____.

    A.smoke        B.sunlight      C.cell        D.poison

3.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?

   A.The lung-cancer patient had 30,000 mutations in his lung cells.

   B.The genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs soon.

   C.It’s the first time that people mapped mutations in a cancer cell.

   D.Dr. Peter tries to invent a new drug with the DNA system.

4.What’s the similarity between malignant melanoma and skin cancer of patients?

   A.Their smoking too much in daily life.

   B.Their receiving too much sunshine.

   C.Their refusing to accept treatment.

   D.Their interest in travelling abroad.

 

【答案】

 

1.B

2.D

3.C

4.B

【解析】略

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：陜西省師大附中2010-2011學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　One genetic mutation(基因突變)occurs on average for every 15 cigarettes that a typical lung-cancer patient smokes, according to a study that has found for the first time all of the mutations happen during the lifetime of a cancer patient．

　　Scientists have completed a full genetic examinations of the genomes(基因組)of cancer patients, and hope the information will lead to a basic understanding of the causes of cancer－and possibly drugs and treatments－by making out the mutations that turn a healthy cell into a cancerous tumor cell．

　　They studied a lung-cancer patient who had about 23,000 DNA mutations in his lung cells that were connected with exposure(暴露)to the toxins found in cigarette smoke and had built up over his lifetime．

　　They also looked at a patient with malignant melanoma(惡性黑色腫瘤), the most dangerous form of skin cancer, who had got 30,000 special mutations known to be connected with exposure to sunlight．

　　Scientists believe this new finding into the genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs and perfect treatments that aim at the specific changes to the gene that cause the disease, as well as new techniques for discovering following cancers that have escaped from treatment in other parts of the body．

　　“For the first time, we have a complete map of all mutations in a cancer cell,” said Dr．Peter Campbell, who led the Cancer Genome project to work out the whole DNA system of tumor cells in order find the mutations．

　　A similar method was performed on the cells of a patient with skin cancer, which is how the researchers were able to show that the malignant skin cells contained changes that resulted from exposure to light．

　　“These are the two main cancers in the developed world for which we know the chief exposure．For lung cancer it is cigarette smoke, and for malignant melanoma it is exposure to sunlight,” Professor Campbell said．

(1)

What can the genetic examination of the genomes of cancer patients be used for?

[　　]

A．

To help the professors to win the Nobel Prizes．

B．

To advance the study of reason and cure of cancer．

C．

To make the medicine industries earn more money．

D．

To help the cancer patients reduce their pain．

(2)

The underlined word in the third paragraph can be placed by _________．

[　　]

A．

smoke

B．

sunlight

C．

cell

D．

poison

(3)

Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?

[　　]

A．

The lung-cancer patient had 30,000 mutations in his lung cells．

B．

The genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs soon．

C．

It’s the first time that people mapped mutations in a cancer cell．

D．

Dr．Peter tries to invent a new drug with the DNA system．

(4)

What’s the similarity between malignant melanoma and skin cancer of patients?

[　　]

A．

Their smoking too much in daily life．

B．

Their receiving too much sunshine．

C．

Their refusing to accept treatment．

D．

Their interest in travelling abroad．

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科目：高中英語 來源：2011年陜西省師大附中高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

One genetic mutation(基因突變)occurs on average for every 15 cigarettes that a typical lung-cancer patient smokes, according to a study that has found for the first time all of the mutations happen during the lifetime of a cancer patient.
Scientists have completed a full genetic examinations of the genomes（基因組） of cancer patients, and hope the information will lead to a basic understanding of the causes of cancer—and possibly drugs and treatments—by making out the mutations that turn a healthy cell into a cancerous tumor cell.
They studied a lung-cancer patient who had about 23,000 DNA mutations in his lung cells that were connected with exposure(暴露) to the toxins found in cigarette smoke and had built up over his lifetime.
They also looked at a patient with malignant melanoma(惡性黑色腫瘤), the most dangerous form of skin cancer, who had got 30,000 special mutations known to be connected with exposure to sunlight.
Scientists believe this new finding into the genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs and perfect treatments that aim at the specific changes to the gene that cause the disease, as well as new techniques for discovering following cancers that have escaped from treatment in other parts of the body.
“For the first time, we have a complete map of all mutations in a cancer cell,” said Dr. Peter Campbell, who led the Cancer Genome project to work out the whole DNA system of tumor cells in order find the mutations.
A similar method was performed on the cells of a patient with skin cancer, which is how the researchers were able to show that the malignant skin cells contained changes that resulted from exposure to light.
“These are the two main cancers in the developed world for which we know the chief exposure. For lung cancer it is cigarette smoke, and for malignant melanoma it is exposure to sunlight,” Professor Campbell said.
【小題1】What can the genetic examination of the genomes of cancer patients be used for?

A．To help the professors to win the Nobel Prizes.
B．To advance the study of reason and cure of cancer.
C．To make the medicine industries earn more money.
D．To help the cancer patients reduce their pain.
【小題2】The underlined word in the third paragraph can be placed by_____.
A．smokeB．sunlightC．cellD．poison
【小題3】Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?
A．The lung-cancer patient had 30,000 mutations in his lung cells.
B．The genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs soon.
C．It’s the first time that people mapped mutations in a cancer cell.
D．Dr. Peter tries to invent a new drug with the DNA system.
【小題4】What’s the similarity between malignant melanoma and skin cancer of patients?
A．Their smoking too much in daily life.
B．Their receiving too much sunshine.
C．Their refusing to accept treatment.
D．Their interest in travelling abroad.

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A．it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
B．our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
C．it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
D．it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
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68．We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys,          .
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B．the kidneys can still work properly
C．we have lost about 10% of kidney function
D．the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
69．How many risk factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?
A．Six.     B．Five.  C．Four.  D．Two.
70．Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?
A．Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B．Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
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If there is one thing I’m quite sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we still be reading newspapers. Not those newspapers are a necessity. Even now some people get most of the news from the television or have the radio switched on in the background or in the car. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.

The basic British character won’t change, and one of the characteristics of the British is that we don’t much like talking to each other when we get up. So what better way is there to keep yourself thinking in the morning than to wrap yourself in a newspaper?

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1.The author of the passage is most probably from _______________.

A．Russia            B．India             C．Britain            D．America

2.According to the passage, the future of newspapers ____________.

A．will be mainly connected with scientific research

B．will report more important political activities

C．will directly cover more on scientific research

D．will build a bridge between different people

3.The underlined part “bespoke newspaper” of the passage probably refers to _____________.

A．a(chǎn) newspaper which dares to report the truth

B．a(chǎn) newspaper edited to one’s own interest

C．a(chǎn) newspaper edited and published for the public

D．a(chǎn) newspaper which only covers the life of family members

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．It was centuries ago that newspapers came into being .

B．Televisions have taken the place of newspapers .

C．The Internet will gradually take the place of newspapers.

D．The nature of news may remain the same over generations.

 

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