Question

【題目】School kids have always complained about having tons of homework. A study offers ways to reduce the load (負(fù)荷).children are carrying to avoid hurting young shoulders and backs.

Children generally carry about 22 percent of their body weight in backpacks—for a teenager, that can reach more than 30 pounds of books, food, calculators, and other necessities of modern life. When that amount of pressure is placed on one or two narrow shoulder straps (帶子), the weight can easily reduce blood flow to kids’ skin and muscles (肌肉).

Even at 10 percent of body weight, the pressures were still high, and that hasn’t been measured before,’’ said Brandon Macias. According to the study, the pressures were measured when the packs were loaded with 10 percent of the students’ body weight, then 20 percent, and finally 30 percent. An unusual finding came to light—even when both straps were used, pressure on the students’ shoulders was uneven (不平均的). It seems like the right shoulder becomes loaded more, which over a period of years may cause back pain.

The research team came up with the following advice based on its study. The backpack should be positioned (放置) high on the back, reducing the stress on the shoulders and back. And backpack straps should be positioned over both shoulders, lowering the amount of weight carried by one shoulder. Wider straps also reduce the pressure on the shoulders. And finally, the weight in backpacks should be reduced.

【1】The study mentioned above was carried out for the purpose of ________.

A. helping kids grow taller

B. improving students’ grades

C. reducing kids’ chances of having back pain

D. helping students with pressure in their studies

【2】Which of the following statements about the students’ backpacks is right?

A. The bag with one shoulder strap is more suitable for students.

B. The weight of the backpack should be 22% of their body weight.

C. The two straps of a bag don’t share the same weight from a bag.

D. Students usually carry a bag about 10 percent of their body weight

【3】The underlined phrase “came to light” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.

A. was changed B. was tested

C. was impossible D. was known

【4】The following are suggested by the research team EXCEPT ________.

A. using wider straps

B. reducing the weight of the school bags

C. positioning the school bags high on the back

D. using more than one bag for kids, school things

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】D

【4】D

【解析】文章主要講述了學(xué)校孩子們抱怨有大量的家庭作業(yè)，一項(xiàng)研究提供了減少負(fù)載的方法。減輕孩子們肩膀和背部的疼痛。

【1】推理判斷題。文章主要講述了學(xué)校孩子們抱怨有大量的家庭作業(yè)，一項(xiàng)研究提供了減少負(fù)載的方法。減輕孩子們肩膀和背部的疼痛。根據(jù)題意，故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“even when both straps were used, pressure on the students’ shoulders was uneven (不平均的).” 即使兩個(gè)肩帶都被使用，對學(xué)生的肩膀的壓力也不均勻。根據(jù)題意，故選C。

【3】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“even when both straps were used, pressure on the students’ shoulders was uneven (不平均的). It seems like the right shoulder becomes loaded more, which over a period of years may cause back pain.” 即使兩個(gè)肩帶都被使用，對學(xué)生的肩膀的壓力也不均勻(不平均的)。它似乎是右肩膀變得越來越多，這在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)可能會(huì)引起背部疼痛。可知這是研究結(jié)果及發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果。根據(jù)題意，故選D。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The backpack should be positioned (放置) high on the back, reducing the stress on the shoulders and back. And backpack straps should be positioned over both shoulders, lowering the amount of weight carried by one shoulder. Wider straps also reduce the pressure on the shoulders. And finally, the weight in backpacks should be reduced.” 背包應(yīng)該放在背部很高的位置，減輕肩膀和背部的壓力。背包背帶應(yīng)該放在雙肩上，降低一個(gè)肩上扛的重量。更寬的帶子也減少肩膀上的壓力。最后，背包中的重量應(yīng)該減少。根據(jù)題意，故選D。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題是英語閱讀理解最重要的一類題型。它的答案往往不是文章中的細(xì)節(jié)在選項(xiàng)中的簡單重復(fù)，而是根據(jù)文中的細(xì)節(jié)經(jīng)過合理的推理或轉(zhuǎn)化得出的。按照答案在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置，細(xì)節(jié)理解可以分為集中型細(xì)節(jié)理解題和分散型細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

（1） 集中型：就文章的單個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)提問，答案在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置一般也位于單句話或幾句話中。

（2） 分散型：題目涉及到文章某一段或幾段，甚至貫穿全文的各個(gè)位置，需要同學(xué)們尋找文章中的多個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。需要注意的是分散型細(xì)節(jié)理解題并不意味著題目的正確答案出現(xiàn)在文章的不同位置，正確答案往往也是關(guān)于文章的某一的句子或細(xì)節(jié)。本篇閱讀的第4題屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，它屬于集中型的細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章最后一段“The backpack should be positioned (放置) high on the back, reducing the stress on the shoulders and back. And backpack straps should be positioned over both shoulders, lowering the amount of weight carried by one shoulder. Wider straps also reduce the pressure on the shoulders. And finally, the weight in backpacks should be reduced.” 背包應(yīng)該放在背部很高的位置，減輕肩膀和背部的壓力。背包背帶應(yīng)該放在雙肩上，降低一個(gè)肩上扛的重量。更寬的帶子也減少肩膀上的壓力。最后，背包中的重量應(yīng)該減少。