The sleep debt is the difference between the amount of sleep you should get and the amount you actually get. It grows every time we skim some extra minutes off our nightly sleep. “People accumulate sleep debts gradually,” says Dr. William Dement, founder of the Stanford University Sleep Clinic. Studies show that such short-term lack of sleep leads to a foggy brain, impaired vision, worsened driving and troubled remembering. Long- term effects include obesity, insulin(胰島素) resistance, and heart disease.
A 2007 survey by the National Sleep Foundation reports that Americans sleep for 6.9 hours per night, 6.8 hours on average during the week and 7.4 hours on the weekends. Generally, experts recommend eight hours of sleep per night, although some people may require only six hours of sleep while others need ten. That means on average, Americans lose one hour of sleep each night more than two full weeks of sleep every year.
The good news is that the sleep debt can be repaid with some work, though it won’t happen when you sleep longer for once. Adding an extra hour or two hours of sleep a night is the way to catch up. For the long-term sleep shortage, it takes a few months to get back to natural sleeping pattern, says Lawrence J. Epstein, medical director of the Harvard Sleep Health Center.
Go to bed when you are tired, allowing your body to wake you in the morning, with no alarm clock. You may find yourself uncomfortable at the beginning of the recovery cycle. Expect to bank to ten hours shut-eye per night. As the days pass, however, the amount of sleeping time will gradually decrease. For recovery sleep, both the hours of the sleep and the intensity(強(qiáng)度) of the sleep are important. The most refreshing sleep occurs during deep sleep, which is generally considered a restorative (促使健康的) period for the brain. And when you sleep for more hours, you allow your brain to spend more time relaxing.
As you reduce the sleep debt, your body will come to rest at a sleeping pattern that is specifically right for you. Sleep researcher believe that genes determine our individual sleeping patterns. So you can’t train yourself to be a “short sleeper”. A 2005 study in the journal Sleep found that the more tired we get, the less tired we feel.
46. Which of the following is NOT the side effect of sleep debt?
A. Putting on weight.  B. Having a bad memory. 
C. Having trouble eating food.  D. A temporary loss of eyesight.
47. We learn from the 2007 survey that _______.
A. Americans generally don’t have enough sleep
B. Americans sleep too much over the weekends
C. everyone is supposed to sleep for eight hours
D. most people lack two weeks of sleep every year
48. What should we do to make up for the sleep shortage?
A. We should go to sleep when we are free.
B. We should sleep for at least ten hours every day.
C. We should sleep for one or two more hours at night.
D. We should sleep day and night during the holidays.
49. Why is the intensity of the sleep important to us?
A. Our brain is resting when we are sleeping deeply.
B. Deep sleep helps our brain to fully recover.
C. We feel more relaxed when sleeping soundly.
D. Short sleep makes our body more refreshing.
50. The author seems to believe that _________.
A. the more tired we are getting, the more sleep we need 
B. the sleeping patterns have nothing to do with our genes
C. it is possible for us to reduce our sleep time by training
D. it is wise for us to adapt to our natural sleeping patterns.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:D
         
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A new walking, talking robot from Japan which has black hair and a woman’s face that can smile will attend a fashion show. It has trimmed down（減少）to 43kg, but it still hasn’t reached the safety standards required to share the catwalk with human models.
Developers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, a government-backed organization, said their “cybernetic（全自動控制的）human” wasn’t ready to help with daily housework or work side by side with people—as many hope robots will be able to do in the future.
“In technology, it hasn’t reached that level,” said Hirohisa Hirukawa, one of the robot’s developers. “Even as a fashion model, people in the industry told us she was short and had a rather ordinary figure.”
For now, the 158 cm tall black-haired robot named HRP-4C—whose predecessor（前任）had weighed 58 kg — will mainly serve to draw and entertain crowds. Developers said the robot may be used in amusement parks or to perform human movement, as an exercise instructor, for instance.
HRP-4C was designed to look like an ordinary Japnese woman, although its silver-and-black body reminds people of a space suit. It will appear in a Tokyo fashion show — without any clothes — in a special part just for the robot next week.
The robotic framework（框架）for  HRP-4C, without the face and other coverings, will go on sale for about 20 million yen（日元） each. Its programming technology will be made public so other people can come up with fun moves for the robot, the scientists said.
Japan is one of the leading robotics industries in the world, and the government is pushing to develop the industry as a road to growth.
小題1:What do we know about HRP-4C’s predecessor?
A．It is shorter than HRP-4C .    B．It is cleverer than HRP-4C .
C．It is taller than HRP-4C .     D．It is heavier than HRP-4C .
小題2:According to the passage, how many of the following could HRP-4C do?
a． drawing pictures
b.  walking and talking
c.  doing housework
d.  working with people
e. smiling
A．2B．3C．4D．5
小題3:Which of the following about HRP-4C is TURE?
A．It wears a space suit.
B．Its price is 20 million dollars.
C．It can be used as an exercise instructor.
D．As a fashion model, it has a perfect figure.
小題4:HRP-4C’s programming technology will be made public to        .
A．make moneyB．make new frameworks
C．let other people improve itD．help make new face and coverings
小題5:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The purpose of making HRP-4C.    B．Robotics industry in Japan.      
C．A new Japanese robot.               D．Japanese and robots.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Have you ever been in a situation, where you felt uneasy because of something you think you may have forgotten to do or perhaps a feeling that you annoyed someone whom you wanted to get along with really well. If you have experienced such feelings and worse on a regular basis, then you most probably are a victim of anxiety attacks.
All of us, to some extent, have experienced anxiety at different levels. There are somethings you may know about anxiety, and some things that you may not be familiar with. So in order to be prepared for your unexpected feeling of anxiety, you need to get to know what anxiety is before it escalates into a panic attack.
Anxiety is simply the feeling of discomfort, uneasiness or fear of what may eventually happen resulting from an imagined, or a real threatening condition. On the extreme end panic attacks can occur due to heightened(增加) feelings of anxiety.
There are two main symptoms(癥狀) during an anxiety / panic attack and these are physical and emotional symptoms. Physical symptoms include difficulty in breathing, shaking, direct feeling of heat, rapid heartbeat and tiredness while emotional symptoms deal with worrying, depression, fear, and lack of focus.
In spite of the negative impression we have for anxiety, it is not dangerous in any way whatever. The feeling of anxiety is not bad, in fact it’s more of a defensive feeling which protects us from possible danger by engaging a response within us in fight or fight situations. So it’s not the “bad guy”, you just have to learn how to control it. Panic attacks, however, are far more dangerous and should be a concern to your health. Panic can sometimes result in blurred (模糊不清的) vision, difficulty in breathing due to a tight chest. The best way to different anxiety from any serious illness is to ask a medical expert for advice on a regular basis.
小題1:According to the passage, a panic attack is _______________.
A．a(chǎn)s serious as an anxiety attackB．not so serious as an anxiety attack
C．resulted from an anxiety attackD．resulted in an anxiety attack
小題2: The underlined word “escalates” in the second paragraph means “_______________”.
A．happens suddenlyB．becomes more serious
C．mixes things togetherD．connects something with
小題3:A victim of anxiety attacks may have the symptoms that ______________.
A．he doesn’t want to have anything to eat
B．he has trouble in hearing and vision
C．he is always worried about others
D．he can’t pay attention to what he does
小題4:From the passage we can draw a conclusion that ______________.
A．a(chǎn)n anxiety attack does good to usB．a(chǎn)n anxiety attack does no harm to us
C．a(chǎn)n anxiety attack is a serious illnessD．a(chǎn)n anxiety attack is very dangerous
小題5: What is the best title for this passage?
A．Symptoms of Anxiety AttacksB．Ways of Getting Rid of Anxiety
C．Harm Caused by AnxietyD．Getting to know Anxiety

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Ears are for hearing — everyone knows that. But for a creature called the Cuvier’s beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat (喉嚨), a new study found.
The observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar (聲吶). This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.
The Cuvier’s beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to “see” the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they’re 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark.
To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach.
Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head.
The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure (構(gòu)造) called “the window for sound”. Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad (墊) of fat on the inside.
When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale’s head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal’s jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal’s ears.
69. 小題1:Toothed whales look for food under the sea by ______.
A．watching the shape and size of their objectsB．diving deep into the sea
C．sending and receiving soundsD．making lots of noises
70. 小題2:Researchers took X rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales in order to ______.
A．find out why they had died and washed up on the beach
B．make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head
C．make sure that sound travels through the head
D．know more about the way the whale hears
71. 小題3: Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier’s beaked whale?
A．A hole in the back of the jaw → the ears → the jaw → the throat.
B． The jaw → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the ears.
C． The throat → the jaw → the ears → a hole in the back of the jaw.
D．The ears → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the jaw.
72. 小題4:Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A．The throat is important to the Cuvier’s beaked whale’s hearing.
B．Ships send out sound waves like a Cuvier’s beaked whale.
C．The ears are actually useless to the Cuvier’s beaked whale.
D．The researchers haven’t found how the whales hear.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I know what you’re thinking : pizza? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a. m. if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast , and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they don’t have time. others think they’re “saving” calories, still others just don’t like breakfast food . 
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking , R , D , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece. 
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southem California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal. 
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it…you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects. 
小題1:The word “l(fā)eftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means__________.
A．things left undoneB．food remaining after a meal
C．meals made of vegetablesD．pizza topped with fruit
小題2:What can we infer from the text?
A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.
B．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.
C．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.
D．Eating vegetables helps save energy.
小題3:According to the last paragraph, it is important to____________. 
A．eat something for breakfastB．put away the leftovers instead of eating more.
C．heat up leftovers for breakfastD．eat calorie-controlled food
小題4:The text is written mainly for those_____________. 
A．who go to work earlyB．who stay up late
C．who want to lose weightD．who eat before sleep

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


People today expect to be examined when they enter a doctor's office. At least they expect their blood pressure and temperature to be measured. However, as recently as two hundred years ago, a doctor's treatment depended on talking with patients. In general, the communication between doctors and their patients was the most important part of medical methods. The modem age of medicine began with the stethoscope ,an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing. Before that, a doctor did not touch a patient. In fact, there was no such things as a medical examination.
The stethoscope──and all other medical instruments──-had a serious effect, on the practice of medicine. Doctors became better at finding the medical problems. More lives were saved. At the same time, doctors gave less importance to the communication between patients and doctors. Some doctors actually stopped talking to their patients. It is easy to understand why some sick people thought themselves as broken machines.
1. A stethoscope can be used to________.
A. check health conditions     B. cure some illness
C. measure temperature       D. treat heart disease
2. Doctors gave less importance to the communication between patients and doctors mainly because________.
A. modern medical instruments were used
B. they could cure more diseases and save more lives
C. they had much more medical experience than before
D. they were too busy to have time to talk with patients
3. Some sick people thought of themselves as broken machines, which suggested that_______.
A. modern doctors should treat their patients as machines
B. the level of the treatment was greatly improved
C. they thought they were useless just like broken machines
D. they were not satisfied with the manner in which doctors treated them
4. The best title for this passage should be________.  
A. Medical Methods of Two Hundred Years Ago
B. The Development of Medical Methods
C. The Modem Age of Medicine
D. The Use of the Stethoscope

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


For many people,  there is only one good reason to go to an amusement park: the roller coaster. But why do People go on roller coasters?
"Where else in the world can you scream at the top of your lungs and throw your arms in the air?"  Frank Farley asks. "If you did that in most other places, they'd take you to your parents and probably put you through a psychological evaluation  (心理檢查)."  Farley is a psychologist at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Roller coasters are often attractive to kids whose lives are stressful or controlled.  "Roller coasters are a way of breaking out of the humdrum (單調(diào) ) of everyday life.  You can let it all go and scream and shout or do whatever you want," Farley says. It has been proved that many adults feel the same way.
Compared with skateboarding, extreme mountain biking, and other adventure sports, riding roller coasters is safe. Parents usually don't mind when kids go on coasters.  Roller coasters also have a way of bringing people together.  Riders share the thrill and adventure of surviving what feels like an extreme experience.
Whether you like to ride a roller coaster may depend on your personality.  Psychologists say that there is a certain type of person that naturally seeks out extreme experiences. "They enjoy things like change, variety, and intensity (強(qiáng)度)," says Farley. "These people are actually attracted to thrills."  He describes such people as having Type-T personalities ("T" stands for thrill).
He also believes that these thrill seekers are more adventurous and creative than other people. Albert Einstein was a Type T. "If nobody liked to seek stimulation (刺激)," he argues, "the human race wouldn't be where it is today."
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The disadvantages of roller coasters.
B. The characteristics of roller coasters.
C. Why many people enjoy roller coasters.
D. How people act when riding roller coasters.
2. According to Farley, what will most people feel after riding a roller coaster?
A. Scared.          B. Confident.    C. Nervous.       D. Relaxed.
3. If a person is a Type T, he seems to           .
A. enjoy adventure sports
B. dislike riding roller coasters
C. like popular sports
D. work well with others
4. According to Farley, to our society, people with Type-T personalities are __
A. dangerous            B. important    C. useless               D. harmful

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

HOW TO QUIT SMOKING
When thinking about quitting…
List all the reasons why you want to quit. Every night before going to bed, repeat one of the reasons 10 times. Decide surely that you want to quit. Try to avoid negative（消極的）thoughts about how difficult it might be. Develop strong personal reasons in addition to your health and duties to others. For example, think all the time you waste taking cigarette breaks, rushing out to buy a pack, hunting a light, etc. Set a date for quitting—perhaps a special day like your birthday, or a holiday. If you smoke heavily at work, quit during your vacation. Make the date seriously, and don’t let anything change it. Begin to prepare yourself physically: start a modest（適度的）exercise, drink more water, get plenty of rest.
Immediately after quitting…
The first few days after you quit, spend as much free time as possible in places where smoking is forbidden, e.g. libraries, museums, theatres, department stores, etc. Drink large quantities of water and fruit juice. Try to avoid wine, coffee, and other drinks, which remind you of cigarette smoking. Start a conversation with someone instead of asking for a match for a cigarette. If you miss the sensation（感覺）of having a cigarette in your hand, play with something else—a pencil, a pen, or a ruler. If you miss having something in your mouth, try toothpicks or a fake（假的）cigarette.
小題1:Which of the following statements is best supported by the author?
A．When you want a cigarette, try to forget it by starting a conversation with someone.
B．Try to drink wine, coffee, and other drinks instead of a cigarette.
C．If you miss the sensation of having a cigarette in your mouth, play with a pen.
D．Every night before going to bed, repeat the reasons 10 times.
小題2:From the passage, we know smokers _______.
A．spend a lot of time breaking the habit of smoking
B．have to stop to smoke from time to time
C．had better quit smoking during their holiday
D．start a modest exercise every day
小題3:The author suggests _______ immediately after quitting.
A．a(chǎn)ll kinds of drinks be avoided
B．drinking water and fruit juice
C．trying low-tar（低焦油）cigarettes
D．spending as much free time as possible in public places
小題4:If the article is in a newspaper, which section is it in?
A．Sports.B．News.C．Health.D．Culture.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題，每題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Eight – year – old Jesse Abrogate was playing in the sea late one evening in July 2001 when a 7 – foot bull shark attacked him and tore off his arm. Jesse’s uncle jumped into the sea and dragged the boy to shore. The boy was not breathing. His aunt gave him mouth – to – mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸) while his uncle rang the emergency services. Pretty soon, a helicopter arrived and flew the boy to hospital. It was a much quicker journey than the journey by road.
Jesse’s uncle, Vance Folsenzier, ran back into to the sea and found the shark that had attacked his nephew. He picked the shark up and threw it onto the beach. A coastguard shot the fish four times and although this did not kill it, the shark’s jaws relaxed so that they could open them, and reach down into its stomach, and pull out the boy’s arm.
At the Baptist Hospital in Pensacola, Dr Ian Rogers spent eleven hours reattaching Jesse’s arm. “It was a complicated operation,” he said, “but we were lucky. If the arm hadn’t been recovered in time, we wouldn’t have been able to do the operation at all. What I mean is that if they hadn’t found the shark, well then we wouldn’t have had a chance.’
According to local park ranger Jack Tomosvic, shark attacks are not that common. “Jesse was just unlucky,” he says, “evening is the shark’s feeding time. And Jesse was in area without lifeguards. This would never have happened if he had been in area where swimming is allowed.’
When reporters asked Jesse’s uncle how he had had the courage to fight a shark, he replied, “I was mad and you do some strange things when you’re mad.”
1．What was the boy doing when the accident happened?
A．Feeding a hungry shark.     B．Jumping into the rough sea.
C．Dragging a boy to the shore.   D．Swimming in a dangerous area.
2．In which way did the boy’s uncle help with the operation?
A．By finding his lost arm.     B．By shooting the fish.
C．By flying him to hospital.          D．By blowing into his mouth.
3．How was his uncle in time of danger?
A．Careful.    B．Brave.      C．Optimistic.       D．Patient.

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