Temperature is measured by means of a thermometer (溫度計(jì)). One general form of thermometer depends upon the fact that most solids and liquids expand as their temperature rises. There are one or two exceptions. There is, for instance, a kind of steel called invar (from “invariable”) which does not change its dimensions as temperature changes; it is valuable for making pendulums (鐘擺), since, if the length of a pendulum changes, its time of vibration changes. It is also used for making very accurate measuring scales. In both cases, then, changes of atmospheric temperature have no effect if invar is used.
Another exception is that very odd liquid, water, which has many strange properties (特性). As water gets colder it contracts (收縮), which is ordinary behavior, until it reaches the temperature of 30℃. above freezing point. After that, as it gets colder, it expands. This is fortunate---for considering the freezing of a pond. As the water on top gets colder, it shrinks; and so, volume for volume, it becomes heavier and sinks. This goes on until all the pond is at 30℃, but after that, as the water becomes colder it expands. Therefore the colder water stays on top and freezes, covering the pond with ice. If the water went on contracting down to the freezing point, the pond would become a solid block of ice in the end. This would not worry people who live in hot climates, but it would be very serious for those who live in cold climates, especially for those who want to break the ice and catch fish which live in the cold water beneath.
小題1: Invar is valuable for making pendulums because _______.
A．it can hardly change its shape or size as temperature changes.
B．it will change its dimensions without the change of temperature.
C．its time of vibration doesn’t change if its length changes.
D．its time of vibration does not change if its length changes.
小題2: As water gets colder after reaching the temperature of 30℃. it will _______.
A．contractB．shrinkC．expandD．freeze
小題3: Which of the following statements is true, according to this passage?
A．Only invar can be used to make a thermometer.
B．Only water can be used to make a thermometer.
C．Both invar and water can be used to make a thermometer.
D．Neither invar nor water can be used to make a thermometer.
小題4:The best title of this passage is most likely to be  _____.
A．Temperature MeasurementB．Two Exceptions
C．Uses of Invar D．Properties of Water
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

While I was in my 4th month of pregnancy (妊娠期) with my second child, we were preparing for a trip to Louisiana, where Marshall’s family live, to celebrate Jane’s 2nd birthday. Two days before we were to leave, we got the shocking news that I was going to lose the baby. Not knowing when this would happen, we decided to continue with our trip.
Since Marshall’s family lives on a 600-acre cattle farm, you often find that you have a lot of time to yourself to think when you are there. That is precisely what I did not want to do at this time. I told Marshall that I needed to get a good book to get lost in while I was there. I told him I heard the Harry Potter books were good, so he went out and got the first one for me.
During that trip, I totally got lost in the book, which was of great help during a time when I needed a distraction to forget about the sadness. In the book, I noticed the name “Seamus”. I vaguely remembered it was pronounced “Shamus” and I liked the sound of that. I mentioned it to Marshall and he liked it too. Toward the end of the trip, I had just 5 chapters left and I knew I was about to finish the first book, which I was pretty excited about.
Soon after we put Jane down to bed, I had started labor (分娩), so I was unable to read. The labor lasted 5 and 1/2 hours, but Marshall stayed there with me, sitting beside me and reading aloud the last 5 chapters of Harry Potter. I can never fully explain how much that helped me through the experience. And ever since then, Marshall and I both have been fans of the Harry Potter books. We remember how they helped us get through that time of our lives.
We were sad to have lost the baby, but the name Seamus started our journey toward adoption. And we gave this name to our adopted son. Though our Seamus doesn’t have a drop of Irish blood in him, the name fits him perfectly.
小題1:Why did the writer want a good book during the trip?
A．Because the trip to Louisiana would take a long time.
B．Because she didn’t want to think of losing her baby.
C．Because she had nothing else to do except reading.
D．Because a good book could help her enjoy her trip.
小題2: According to the story, we can know that the Harry Potter books _________________.
A．made the family’s trip more excitingB．include five books all together
C．have someone called Seamus in themD．can help people deal with their problems
小題3: The writer named her son Seamus because ___________________.
A．she wanted to keep her trip in memoryB．she loved this name very much
C．her son doesn’t have Irish bloodD．it is a perfect name for a boy
小題4:Which of the following is TRUE about the couple?
A．They planned their trip after getting the shocking news.
B．They thought the cattle farm was too large to do anything on.
C．They felt excited when they almost finished the trip.
D．They liked reading Harry Porter very much after the trip.
小題5: Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Funny Stories Of My FamilyB．Seamus And Harry Potter
C．How We Got To LouisianaD．How My Son Got His Name

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed（向……演講） the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “ I am only a child,” I told them.” Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things you tell us not to do. You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make your actions reflect your words.”
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the people even cried. I thought that maybe I had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur（刺激）action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been achieved. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices—educa-tion, career, lifestyle—life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to seek a happy, healthy way of living. And we are learning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and naive（天真的）.
Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of the change. I hope this goal will be met through our common efforts. Thank you all.
小題1:The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to     .
A．end poverty and make schools beautiful
B．find environmental answers and show off
C．focus people’s attention on some social problems
D．find a wonderful place and clean it up
小題2:What does the underlined word “ovation”in the second paragraph refer to?
A．A long period of laughing.B．A cold and unfriendly welcome.
C．An expression used for greeting.
D．Great applause or cheering.
小題3:The information in the text is presented mainly through      .
A．question and answerB．a(chǎn) personal lecture
C．cause and effectD．listing steps in a process
小題4:Which of the following best describes the speaker?
A．He is an experienced educator.
B．He is an impolite man.
C．He is a man of great worries.
D．He is a man of social responsibility.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You have heard of Webster Toys. Websters have made good safe and interesting toys for more than a hundred years. Now we sell them, and children play with them, in countries from New Zealand to Norway(挪威), and from Japan to Brazil(巴西). We are looking for someone to sell our toys in the Far East. He(She) will be between the ages of thirty and forty. He will already have some years of selling in world markets behind him. He will speak good English and at least one other language of the Far East.
The person we are looking for will live in Singapore, and work in our office there but he will travel for up to six months in other countries in one year. He will know the Far East well. He should know how to sell in established(建立) markets and where to find new ones. He will know to make more money than ever, for himself and for Webster Toys.
Websters want someone who can stand on his own feet. If you think you are the person we are looking for, write to Mr.J.Sloman at our office. Webster Toys Company Church Mill Watford.
小題1:. What are Webster Toys?
A．An old kind of toys.
B．Factories where good, safe and interesting toys are made.
C．People who are famous for making toys for children.
D．A company that has been making and selling toys.
小題2:. We can most probably read the text _______.
A．in a bookB．in a dictionaryC．in a novel D．in a newspaper
小題3: . Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．If you are thirty years old, you can apply for the position.
B．If you live in Singaore, you can get the position.
C．If you speak good English , you can get the position.
D．The company is looking for some salesmen or saleswomen.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What will we be eating in the future? Here are the top factors that will be affecting the food that ends up on our tables in the new century.
Genetically engineered food Many crops are already genetically engineered, often to produce more food, fight against pests or improve nutrition. But concern is growing over the lasting effects of changing nature. While existing research has found little harm in genetic engineering, a recent study found the flower powder of a genetically engineered corn can kill the normal butterfly. This finding made many people nervous and brought attention to the topic.
Dining out Americans are increasingly eating meals away from home, both in sit-down restaurants and in fast food outlets. In the last decade alone there was a 14 percent decrease in the number of meals eaten at home. At the same time, restaurants are just beginning to really open their doors on the Internet. Websites exist to make restaurant reservations (預(yù)約), view menus, and get tips from your favorite chefs. The dining out trend and the demand for high-quality, chef-prepared food have encouraged chefs to spend time out of the kitchen — teaching classes, appearing on TV, and writing cookbooks.
Eating in Eating in doesn’t always mean cooking. Ready-made meals and frozen food sold in supermarkets taste better all the time. Restaurants are offering neatly packaged “food to go”, and meals can be ordered over the Internet. Cooking is not as much as a necessity, as it is a hobby or a special treat.
Agriculture Although American farmers have been hit hard recently by bad weather, low prices and decreasing government help, they can increase grain production not using old farming methods.
小題1:Which of the following is the main reason for genetically engineered crops?
A．To lead to more food and better nutrition.B．To kill the normal butterfly.
C．To reduce the harm done by insects.D．To change the nature of the crops.
小題2:From the passage, we learn that _________.
A．eating out is not popular among the old people in USA
B．it is now easier for people to get information about eating out
C．it is popular for restaurants to send out information on the Internet
D．the trend of eating out is causing many chefs to give up their jobs
小題3:In the future, cooking at home will probably _________.
A．still be the job of most housewives
B．take up most of people’s free time
C．bring much joy to more people
D．lead to many restaurants closing down
小題4:According to the passage, farmers should _________ to get a higher grain production.
A．turn to better farming methodsB．a(chǎn)sk for the support of the government
C．raise the prices of cropsD．not care about the effects of bad weather

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The ocean bottom，a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth， is even today largely unexplored. Until about a century ago，the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible and hidden beneath waters averaging over 3，600 meters deep. Total­ly without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface，the deep-ocean bottom is a strange environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks for over a century，the first detailed global study of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968，with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project ( DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry，the DSDP's drill ship，the Glomar Challenger，was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters，taking samples of rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year-research program that ended in November 1983. During this time，it sailed 600，000 kilometers and took almost
20，000samples of rocks around the world. Those samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to make out what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today，largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages，nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics (構(gòu)造學(xué)) and continental drift that explains many of the geological processes.
The samples of rocks drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also provided a climatic re­cord stretching back hundreds of millions of years. The information of past climatic changes can be used to predict future climates.
小題1:The underlined word" inaccessible" in Line 3 means     .
A．unrecognizable B．unreachableC．unusable D．unreasonable
小題2:Why does the author mention "outer space" in the first paragraph?
A．The Earth's climate millions of years ago was similar to that in outer space.
B．It is similar to the ocean floor in being strange to the humans.
C．Rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor.
D．Techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in ocean exploration.
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE of the Glomar Challenger?
A．It is a type of submarine. B．It is an ongoing project.
C．It has gone on over 100 voyages. D．It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.
小題4:The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was         .
A．a(chǎn)n attempt to find new sources of oil and gas
B．the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom
C．made up of geologists from all over the world
D．supported entirely by the gas and oil industry
小題5:Which is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project?
A．Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance millions of years ago.
B．Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists.
C．Geologists observed forms of life never before seen.
D．Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Boeing said Wednesday that it was entering the space tourism business, an announcement that could bolster（增強(qiáng)）the Obama administration’s efforts to transform the National Aeronautics and Space Administration into an agency that focuses less on building rockets and more on nurturing a commercial space industry.
The flights, which could begin as early as 2015, would most likely launch from Cape Canaveral in Florida to the International Space Station. The Obama administration has proposed turning over to private companies the business of taking NASA astronauts to orbit, and Boeing and Bigelow Aerospace of Las Vegas won an $18 million contract this year for preliminary (初步的)development and testing of a capsule that could carry seven passengers.
Current NASA plans call for four space station crew members to go up at a time, which would leave up to three seats available for space tourists. The flights would be the first to give nonprofessional astronauts the chance to go into orbit aboard a spacecraft launched from the United States. Seven earlier space tourists have made visits to the space station, riding in Russian Soyuz capsules.
“We’re ready now to start talking to possible customers,” said Eric C. Anderson, co-founder and chairman of Space Adventures, the space tourism company based in Virginia that would market the seats for Boeing.
Boeing and Space Adventures have not set a price, although Mr. Anderson said it would be competitive with the Soyuz flights, which Space Adventures arranged with the Russian Space Agency. Guy Laliberté, founder of Cirque du Soleil, paid about $40 million for a Soyuz ride and an eight-day stay at the space station last year. But the possibilities that anyone buying a ticket will get to space on an American vehicle depend on discussions in Congress about the future of NASA.
小題1: Which of the following is most probably a private travel company?
A. Boeing.                     B. Space Adventure.
C. NASA.                       D. Russian Space Agency.
小題2: How many people can be carried along on a capsule to the space station?
A．3. B．4. C．7. D．11.
小題3: What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The American space tourism company is located in Virginia.
B．Russia has already taken lead in working on the space tourism business.
C．NASA has decided to focus less on building rockets because of the financial crisis.
D．In 2015, America would be the first country in the world to run the space tourism business.
小題4:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Taking NASA Astronauts to Orbit.B．Living in the Space Station Space.
C．Ticket Price under Discussion.D．Boeing Could Fly You to Orbit by 2015.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

While drunken driving may be on the decline, traffic safety experts remain puzzled over how to deal with another alcohol related danger: drunken pedestrains.
Pedestrians struck and killed by cars often are extremely drunk. In fact, they are intoxicated(喝醉的) more frequently and with higher blood alcohol levels than drunken drivers who are killed in accidents, various studies have shown. Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a blood alcohol level of at least 0.10 which by law in most states signifies intoxication compared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent federal data.
Some types of pedestrain accidents have been declining nationally, especially those involving children, but the number of adult pedestrians who are drunk when killed in traffic has remained relatively steady at 2500 a year. The total number of pedestrians killed annually in U.S. traffic accidents is at least 7000, or one of every seven highway accidents resulting in death.
“We’re dealing here, we think, with a very severe drinking problem that leads to a severe highway safety problem,” said Richard Blomberg, president of Dunlap and Associates Inc, in Norwalk, Coon.
Blomberg, whose consulting company found a very high rate of alcohol involvement in a controlled study of pedestrian accidents in New Orleans, was among several researchers who spoke on the topic at the annual meeting of the Research council’s Transportation Research Board(TRB)  in Washington in January.
Pedestrian accidents have not received enough attention in the past, according to Kay Colpitts, who chairs the board’s committee on pedestrians. Few methods exist to monitor walking habits, she said, and researchers have been mystified（迷惑不解） about how to prevent disasters.
小題1:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Traffic Safety.B．Drunken Drivers
C．Drunken Pedestrian Accidents.D．A Severe Highway Safety Problem.
小題2:Among the causes of walkers’ accidents, the most serious problem is .      
A．long delays in traffic signals that may make people cross streets ignoring traffic rules
B．a(chǎn)lcohol
C．a(chǎn) lack of adult keeping eyes on many children involved in accidents
D．former drunken drivers whose licenses are not allowed to use for a time
小題3:According to recent federal data, drunken drivers with an over 0.10 blood alcohol level in deadly accidents .      
A．a(chǎn)re 15 percent less than drunken adult walkers with the same level
B．a(chǎn)re 2500 a year
C．a(chǎn)re at least 7000 in US traffic accidents
D．make up one seventh of highway accidents
小題4:According to the passage, what is Blomberg?
A．A researcher.
B．A specialist in traffic safety.
C．A clerk of a consulting company.
D．A government official

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


What makes it rain? Rain falls from clouds for the same reason anything falls to Earth. The Earth's gravity pulls it. But every cloud is made of water droplets or ice crystal(冰晶). Why doesn't rain or snow fall constantly from all clouds? The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are extremely small. The effect of gravity on them is slight. Air currents move and lift droplets so that the net downward amount of water is zero, even though the droplets are moving constantly.
It can be seen that droplets and ice crystals behave somewhat like dust in the air in a beam of sunlight. To the casual observer, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, moving about
without fixed direction. But in fact dust particles（分子） are much larger than water droplets and they finally fall. The average size of a cloud droplet is only 0.0004 inch in diameter（直徑）. It is so small that it would take sixteen hours to fall half a mile in perfectly still air, and it doesn't fall out of moving air at all. Only when the droplet grows to a diameter of 0.008 inch or larger can it fall from the cloud. The average raindrop contains a million times as much water as a tiny cloud droplet. The growth of a cloud droplet to a size larger enough to fall out is the cause of rain and other forms of precipitation. This important growth process is called "coalescence".
小題1: Ice crystals do NOT immediately fall to Earth because           .
A．they are kept up by air currents
B．most of them change into steam
C．they combine with other chemicals in the atmosphere
D．their electrical charges draw them away from the earth
小題2: The underlined word "random" in line 10 most probably means            .
A．unpredictableB．strictC．independentD．a(chǎn)bnormal
小題3:What can be inferred about drops of water larger than 0.008 inch in diameter?
A．They never occur.
B．They are not affected by the force of gravity.
C．In moving air they would fall to earth.
D．In still air they fall a speed of thirty-two miles per hour.
小題4: How much bigger is the rain drop than a loud droplet?
A．200 times bigger
B．1,000 times bigger
C．100,000 times bigger
D．1,000,000 times bigger

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案