Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress.This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress related disorders.

Until now，psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress.In other words，individuals either react with aggressive behavior，such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”)，or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)．However，the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress.While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response，women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is，they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”)，and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”)．

Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress，an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.The UCLA research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone.This hormone，called oxytocin，has been studied in the context of childbirth，but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress.The principal investigator，Dr.Shelley E．Taylor，explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer，more relaxed，more social，and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin，its effects are reduced by male hormones.

In terms of everyday behavior，the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed.They may phone relatives or friends，or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet.For a typical mother，coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressrelated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior.The tendandbefriend regulatory(調節(jié)的) system may protect women against stress，and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

1.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress，men are more likely than women to ______.

A．turn to friends for help

B．solve a conflict calmly

C．find an escape from reality

D．seek comfort from children

2.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C．Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

3.What can be learned from the passage?

A．Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

B．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C．Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D．The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．How men and women get over stress

B．How men and women suffer from stress

C．How researchers overcome stress problems

D．How researchers handle stress related disorders

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As the saying goes, "Fine feathers make fine birds." A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public?

1.What does the underlined word “harsh” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

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A. Hats are worn on the head to keep warm.

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D. Hats can make you look much taller.

4.What is the best title for the article?

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B. How to Improve Your Features.

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A. The winner and her work in the painting contest.

B. The team of artists at Google to animate drawings.

C. The painting contest of Google’s homepage in 2015.

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To their delight, their newly-developed products were not _____ for the demand as soon as they went on the market.

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Hidden in our subconsciousness (潛意識) is a perfect mental picture. We see ourselves on a long trip that goes across the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows, we think in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle feeding on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, or row upon row of corn and wheat, of flat lands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hills, of city skylines and village halls.

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“Relish(appreciate) the moment” is a good motto, actually it isn’t the burdens of today that drive man mad. It is the regret over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.

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1.Why does the author describe the mental picture?

A．To lead us into a perfect world.

B．To let people enjoy the scenery.

C．To introduce an actual trip of his.

D．To compare it to our life’s journey.

2.How do people feel when they’re on their trip?

A．Puzzled. B．Happy. C．Relaxed. D．Impatient.

3.What does the author mean by “Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today” in Line 2 Paragraph 5?

A．Regret and fear are responsible for the loss of today.

B．We must be careful of the two thieves: regret and fear.

C．regret and fear stop us from enjoying our present life.

D．We’re frequently challenged by the two : regret and fear.

4.Why does the author write the passage?

A．To teach us a good lesson.

B．To tell us the right attitude to life.

C．To advice us to forget our worries.

D．To stop us wandering along the aisles.

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Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.

What to Expect

The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.

Accommodation Zones

Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential . Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.

Meal Plans Available

Continental Breakfast

Breakfast and Dinner

Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner

It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal, bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee.

Friends

If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.

Self?catering Accommodation in Private Homes

Accommodation on a room?-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long?stay student. However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much.

1.The passage is probably written for ___________.

A. foreigners hoping to build British culture

B. hosts willing to receive foreign students

C. English learners applying to live in English homes

D. travellers planning to visit families in London

2.Why do some people choose self?catering accommodation?

A. To enrich their knowledge of English.

C. To enjoy much more freedom.

B. To experience a warmer family atmosphere.

D. To entertain friends as they like.

3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A. The business centre of London is probably in Zone 1.

B. Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.

C. Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.

D. Accommodation in the city centre is not provided.

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