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How Much to Tip

　　You're out to dinner．The food is delicious and the service is fine．You decide to leave a big fat tip．Why?The answer may not be as simple as you think．

　　Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service．Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter's choice of words, to how they carry themselves while taking orders, to the bill's total．Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night．

　　“Studies before have shown that mimicry(模仿)brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor．“These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them．”

　　So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups．He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers．Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home．The results were clear－it pays to mimic your customer．The copycat(模仿者)waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group．

　　Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St．Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill．After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cabdrivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers' bills went up．In fact, tip percentages appear to plateau(達(dá)到穩(wěn)定水平)when bills topped ＄100 and a bill for ＄200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for ＄100．

　　“That's also a point of tipping,” Green says．“You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you．If they weren't there, you'd never get any service．So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there．”

(1)

Apart from service, how many other factors affecting the customers' tipping are mentioned in the passage?

[　　]

A．

1．

B．

2．

C．

3．

D．

4．

(2)

These studies show that ________．

[　　]

A．

tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiter's factors

B．

people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them

C．

the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as the other group

D．

mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad

(3)

According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages?

[　　]

A．

B．

C．

D．

(4)

We know from the passage that the writer seems to ________．

[　　]

A．

object to Mr Green's idea about tipping

B．

think part of Mr Green's explanation is reasonable

C．

give his generous tip to waiters very often

D．

support the opinions of Mr Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

答案：1．D;2．C;3．C;4．D;
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科目：高中英語 來源：2008年寧夏中衛(wèi)一中高三第三次模擬考試、英語試卷 題型：050

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How to beat nerves

　　Do you blank out, freeze up(呆住)or feel so nervous in exams that you have trouble writing answers to questions that you knew just last night?

　　If so, you likely have a case of test anxiety．

　　But, don’t panic．By recognizing the problem, you are taking the first step towards overcoming it．

　　Believe it or not, a touch of nervousness can sharpen your mind, allowing you to perform more quickly．This is because under stress, the body releases the hormone adrenaline(腎上腺素), which prepares it for something important that will happen．However, too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness, loss of appetite before tests, and poor performance．Some people might feel shaky(weak), hot, or even sick．

　　If you worry a lot or are a perfectionist, you are more likely to have trouble with test anxiety．Those who have prepared poorly for a test or have had negative experiences taking tests may also experience test anxiety．

　　When you feel a storm of anxiety coming on, stop what you're doing and make your mind a blank．If possible, actually tell yourself to ‘STOP!’ This will get your mind off the stress．Then think of being at a place of comfort and let your body relax．As you continue the test, find questions you know the answers to and answer them first．This will help restore your confidence．

　　Talk to yourself using positive language．Make it a habit to replace each negative thought with a logical reason．For example：“I've studied hard and I know the material, so I’m ready to do the best I can．”Another thing you can do is to learn to accept mistakes．In fact, they can be valuable learning opportunities．

　　Last but not least, start test preparation early three to five days ahead of the quiz or test．After all, good study habits and skills．for example, time management and note-taking will give you the feeling that you are in control．

(1)

The main purpose of the passage is to ________．

[　　]

A．

tell you that worrying is no good

B．

show the ways to overcome test anxiety

C．

describe the effects caused by exams

D．

suggest making full preparations for exams

(2)

From the passage, we know that when you experience test anxiety, you ________．

[　　]

A．

are no longer sure of yourself and cannot think clearly

B．

develop negative thoughts about yourself in everyday life

C．

feel so nervous that you can’t sleep before the test

D．

feel anxious in the exam and always fail in exams

(3)

The phrase“l(fā)ast but not least”at the last paragraph means ________．

[　　]

A．

the last but actually there are more

B．

the last in order and importance

C．

the last but as important as others

D．

the last but the most important

(4)

From the passage, we can infer that ________．

[　　]

A．

you should not place too high expectations on yourself

B．

low scores in exams are only a result of test anxiety

C．

you need to get yourself completely under control

D．

test anxiety forms good study habits

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科目：高中英語 來源：北京市海淀區(qū)2012屆高三下學(xué)期期中練習(xí)英語試題 題型：050

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How do you feel about watching other people work?

　　Nothing is more refreshing on a warm summer day than watching someone else work．

　　Right now, I'm sitting on my porch and watching young Beth baling(打捆)the big field on top of the hill．She's been haying that field for over ten years．I know：I put her on the tractor when she was just twelve years old．

　　She picked a great day for baling．It's not too hot, and there's a nice breeze．On Monday, when she cut the field, it was so hot I thought the corn would start popping in the field．Didn't stop her, though．She just stuck that big hat on her head, wrapped a wet handkerchief around her neck, and set to work．I remember when I would have done the same thing．

　　While I'm here sucking a lemonade, Beth is driving the “hay(干草)train,” a tractor pulling a baler and an old wagon．You'd think someone her size would never be able to see over the tractor．But somehow she manages．When she's finished, her tracks are very straight．

　　The whole time she's haying, that dog of hers is working just as hard, running along beside her like he's afraid she'll drive away without him．Beth sure knew what she was doing when she trained him．

　　The way the machine works is pure poetry．Each row is pushed into shape．When just enough hay is in a bale, it is wrapped up and fastened together．A second or so later, the bale comes flying out and into the old wagon．The person who invented that machine sure was some kind of genius．

　　That's not to say it works perfectly．Every once in a while a bale misses the mark, especially when you are turning the machine at the end of a row．That means, of course, that you have to go back and pick up those bales and throw them into the wagon．

　　I can remember when Beth's mother was her age．She looked an awful lot like Beth does now．Makes a man proud to see his daughter and granddaughter taking such good care of themselves．

　　Well, I suppose I should get up and fill this glass again．Not much fun sitting here with an empty glass．

(1)

We can learn from the passage that at some time in the past the author ________．

[　　]

A．

bought the tractor for Beth

B．

forced Beth to work at an early age

C．

worked in the field like Beth

D．

trained the dog to help Beth work

(2)

In the eyes of the author, the sight of Beth baling hay is ________．

[　　]

A．

uncommon

B．

beautiful

C．

unforgettable

D．

changeable

(3)

Before thrown into the wagon, the hay must be ________．

[　　]

A．

tied up

B．

dried up

C．

cut up

D．

lined up

(4)

Who do you think is telling this story?

[　　]

A．

Beth's mother．

B．

Beth's father．

C．

Beth's grandmother．

D．

Beth's grandfather．

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閱讀理解
     I'm often told how I have a dream job, that I work for a great company, getting to deal with the
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     Usually the people who tell me that working from home is wonderful have never worked from
home.  They spend most of their career working from an office and hate it.
     In fact, I love being able to work from home and make my own hours. I truly appreciate being
able to drop what I'm doing to attend kids or go shopping, but there's a side to it we don't often talk
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while my husband and kids are watching a movie, I'm working until midnight. Besides, when you
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you during business hours. So it's not so easy to be flexible!

1. We learn from the passage that the writer_____________.

A. is quite satisfied with her present work
B. can balance her work and family life well
C. complains about the disadvantages of working from office
D.   presents some unknown facts of working from home

2. The last paragraph mainly tells us that__________.

A. you're not as flexible as you think you are
B. you're usually a slave to yourself
C. the writer can always make full use of the freedom
D. the writer is always busy with her work

3. The writer probably agrees that__________.

A. east or west, home working is the best  
B. freedom should always come before work
C. get work done, or you'll have no freedom  
D. all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

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B. Office workers.            
C. Job hunters.  
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     I'm a 21yearold boy, and this is my story.
     A month after I graduated from high school in 2004, I was coming home from swim practice and was
involved in a car accident.I was so seriously injured that I was in a coma (昏迷) for over two months at
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      I died eight times during my coma and I couldn't talk or communicate when I woke up.Walking was
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1.When the car accident happened, the author________.

A. was a high school student
B. had finished his high school education
C. was a college student
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2. It can be inferred that the author________after he woke up from his coma.

A. was out of hospital
B. was in surprise
C. faced physical and mental challenges
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3. What can we learn from the author's recovery?

A. Attitude is everything.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. Everything happens for a reason.
D. A good beginning is half done.

4.What procedure did the author follow to full recovery?
a. ran
b. received membership of the swim team
c. trained for swim
d. baby walked
e. learnt to live all by himself

A. d, a, c, b, e  
B. e, d, a, c, b
C. d, a, b, c, e  
D. e, d, a, b, c

5. What does the author mainly want to show in the last paragraph?

A. His purpose of sharing his story.
B. His painful experiences.
C. His influence on others.
D. His great achievements.

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科目：高中英語 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

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     I'm lying on my back in my grandfather's orchard (果園), looking up at the branches above me.It is
one of the last days of summer.Already the days are shorter and the nights are cooler.Some kinds of
apples are already ripe (成熟的). Others will be ready to pick soon.I think of my grandmother's apple
pie, and how I used to make it with her.She died last year, before the apple harvest, and I have not had
her pie since.I really miss her.I hear bees busily humming about, visiting the late summer flowers.The
gentle hum of their wings nearly sends me to sleep.
     The sky is as blue as my grandfather's eyes.Above me, big white clouds race across the sky like
pieces of cotton blowing in the wind.School starts in another week, and time seems to have slowed
down.
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     He puts his rough, brown farmer's hand around my shoulder and pulls me close."You know, Sophie, "
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help her too.Maybe between the two of us, we can work it out.Want to try?"
     "But it won't be the same without Grandma, "  I tell him.
     "That's true, "  he says, "but nothing_is_the_same_without_Grandma.Still, I don't think that she would want us never to have another apple pie.What do you say?" I nod yes, and we walk towards home...
towards an afternoon in the farmhouse kitchen, making Grandma's famous apple pie.
1. We learn from the passage that Sophie________.
A. likes to watch clouds in the attic
B. comes to the orchard after school
C. enjoys Grandma's apple pie very much
D. picks many apples in the orchard
2. Sophie's grandfather spent the morning in the attic________.
A. looking for Grandma's recipe for apple pie
B. helping Sophie's grandmother make apple pie
C. trying to make apple pie all alone for Sophie
D. talking about apples, and bees, and Grandma with Sophie
3. Both Sophie and her grandfather used to________.
A. help Grandma make apple pies
B. spend summer afternoons in the orchard
C. enjoy fresh fruit in the farmhouse kitchen
D. walk alone among the apple trees
4. The underlined part in the last paragraph shows________.
A. how much Sophie's grandmother loved Sophie
B. how much Sophie's grandfather likes apple pies
C. how much Sophie loves her grandfather's orchard
D. how much Sophie's grandfather misses Grandma
5. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. My grandfather's orchard  
B. My grandmother's apple pie
C. A morning in the attic  
D. The last days of summer

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