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Waste to Energy—JUST BURN IT!

WHY BURN WASTE?

Waste-to-energy plants generate (產(chǎn)生) enough electricity to supply 2.4 million households in the US. But, providing electricity is not the major advantage of waste-to-energy plants. In fact, it costs more to generate electricity at a waste-to-energy plant than it does at a coal, nuclear, or hydropower plant. 

The major advantage of burning waste is that it considerably reduces the amount of trash going to landfills. The average American produces more than 1,600 pounds of waste a year. If all this waste were landfilled, it would take more than two cubic yards of landfill space. That’s the volume of a box three feet long, three feet wide, and six feet high. If that waste were burned, the ashes would fit into a box three feet long, three feet wide, but only nine inches high!

Some communities in the Northeast may be running out of land for new landfills. And, since most people don’t want landfills in their backyards, it has become more difficult to obtain permits to build new landfills. Taking the country as a whole, the United States has plenty of open space, of course, but it is expensive to transport garbage a long distance to put it into a landfill.

TO BURN OR NOT TO BURN?

Some people are concerned that burning garbage may harm the environment. Like coal plants, waste-to-energy plants produce air pollution when the fuel is burned to produce steam or electricity. Burning garbage releases the chemicals and substances found in the waste. Some chemicals can be a threat to people, the environment, or both, if they are not properly controlled.

Some critics of waste-to-energy plants are afraid that burning waste will hamper (妨礙，阻礙) recycling programs. If everyone sends their trash to a waste-to-energy plant, they say, there will be little motive to recycle. Several states have considered or are considering banning waste-to-energy plants unless recycling programs are in place. Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York City have delayed new waste-to-energy plants, hoping to increase the level of recycling first.

So, what’s the real story? Can recycling and burning waste coexist? At first glance, recycling and waste-to-energy seem to be at odds (不一致), but they can actually complement (彌補) each other. That’s because it makes good sense to recycle some materials, and better sense to burn others.

Let’s look at aluminum, for example. Aluminum mineral is so expensive to mine that recycling aluminum more than pays for itself. Burning it produces no energy. So clearly, aluminum is valuable to recycle and not useful to burn.  

Paper, on the other hand, can either be burned or recycled—it all depends on the price the used paper will bring.

Plastics are another matter. Because plastics are made from petroleum and natural gas, they are excellent sources of energy for waste-to-energy plants. This is especially true since plastics are not as easy to recycle as steel, aluminum, or paper. Plastics almost always have to be hand sorted and making a product from recycled plastics may cost more than making it from new materials. 

To burn or not to burn is not really the question. We should use both recycling and waste-to-energy as alternatives to landfilling.

Waste to Energy—JUST BURN IT!

WHY BURN WASTE?

Advantages of waste to Energy

◆Though at a high (71) _______, waste-to-energy plants can produce enough electricity for 2.4 million US

households.

◆Burning waste can (72) _______ a considerable amount of trash going to landfills.

(73)_______ for landfilling

◆Some communities (74) _______ land for new landfills.

◆Most people refuse to build landfills around.

◆Building landfills in far-away areas will increase the cost of (75) _______ garbage.

TO BURN

OR NOT

TO BURN?

(76) __________ about burning garbage

◆Burning garbage releases chemicals, which, if not

properly controlled, can be (77) _______ to people and the environment.

◆Burning garbage will hamper recycling programs.

Coexistence of recycling and burning waste

Recycling and waste-to-energy can go well with each other in that some materials like aluminum are fit to recycle, while others like plastics are fit to (78) _______.

(79)__________

Whether to burn or not to burn, we should (80) _______ landfilling with both recycling and waste-to-energy to deal with garbage.

 

【答案】

71. cost  72. reduce / prevent / stop    73. Difficulties    74. lack     75. transporting

76. Concerns / Worries  77. harmful / dangerous  78. burn 79. Conclusion  80. replace

【解析】略

 

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Title

Sleeping too   81    －Not a good thing.

 Introduction

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Findings

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● People sleeping over 8 hours are   83   to reduce the time in bed.

● People sleeping between 9 and 10 hours are more   84  to experience each sleep problem.

● People sleeping   85    may struggle to get rest at night.        

 

Studies

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Report

According to the current report, the participants interviewed indicated their sleeping problems as: waking at midnight, __87__up too early and   88   to fall back asleep.

  89 

One way to   90   insomnia is to spend less time in bed.

 

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Put your body in motion.

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Laugh

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Lead in

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To feel  78  than you can imagine.

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Watching the (79)______

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    Cut large pieces of meat, potatoes and vegetables into bite-sized pieces. Eat the pieces one at a time.

    When eating noodles, wind (纏) the noodles up on your fork. You may use your spoon to help wind the noodles around your fork. The noodles on your fork should be eaten in one bite（一口）.  It is very impolite to eat half your noodles and allow the other half to fall back on your plate.

    Do not lean on your arm while eating. You may rest your hand on the edge of the table.

    Some of the rules mentioned here may be somewhat relaxed in informal settings.

    The best way to learn good manners is to watch others. Observe the way your American friends eat. In this way, you won't make mistakes when you are unsure of what to do.

Title

American table 1. __________

Introduction

There are many 2. ________ between American table manners and China's.

 

 

 

 

3.___________ about American table manners

 

● Always put the napkin on your lap, and put the folded napkin beside the plate before4.________the table.

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● Put the spoon on the plate under the bowl 6._______ of leaving the spoon in the bowl.

● When you have finished your meal,  place your knife and fork side by side on the plate, which7.________that you have finished eating,

● Sit up straight at the table. Never8._______your body down to your plate when you eat.

● It is9.________ to eat half your noodles with the other half fallingback on your plate.

● Do not lean on your arm while eating.

The best way to learn table manners

Observe how your American friends behave when they eat.  In this way,  you won't make mistakes when you are not 10. _______ of what to do.

 

 

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