Question

 Rachel Carson, born in rural Pennsylvania in 1907, had a great impact on the environment. Carson earned a master’s degree in zoology in 1932. It was as a writer and not as a research scientist, however, that she made her mark, sharing her view that human beings are just one element in a larger natural order.

In the articles on natural history Carson wrote for various publications, she expressed dry facts in poetic and persuasive language. She wrote five books. Two of them, The Sea Around Us and The Edge of the Sea, have been called “biographies of the ocean.”

Carson also made the world aware of how scientific discoveries can harm as well as help living things. In her best-selling book Silent Spring, Carson challenged the profligate use of chemical pesticides by large agricultural and government organizations. She was the first to detail how the pesticide DDT had entered the food chain and damaged populations of bald eagles, falcons, and brown pelicans by causing the shells of their eggs to become so thin that they could not withstand the weight of the parent bird.

Carson died of cancer in 1964. Today, the Rachel Carson Council collects and disseminates (散播) information on pesticide-related issues. In 1970, the Rachel Carson Wildlife Refuge, a large area of salt marsh and freshwater habitat in Maine, was dedicated to her memory.

1.Which of the following words is closest to the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 3 ?

A. excessive        B. inadequate    C. authoritative              D. efficient

2.Which of the following inferences is correct ?

A. Carson wrote books that the average person could understand.

B. Dangerous properties of new chemical products may be immediately apparent.

C. If not for Carson, no one would have learned about the dangers of DDT.

D. In 1970, large quantities of salt and freshwater were dedicated to Carson’s memory by the Rachel Carson Wildlife Refuge

3.Which of the statements below expresses the main idea of the passage ?

A. Writers have played an important role in the battle against pollution.

B. The scientist Rachel Carson taught people about environmental issues through her writing.

C. Carson’s book Silent Spring changed the way some pesticides were used.

D. Many of Carson’s books were about pesticide-related issues.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.A

2.A

3.B

【解析】

試題分析：本文介紹了美國海洋生物學家雷切爾·卡遜，盡管她是一名科學家，但她是以她的作品《寂靜的春天》引發(fā)了美國以至于全世界的環(huán)境保護事業(yè)。她掌握了許多由于殺蟲劑、除草劑的過量使用，造成野生生物大量死亡的證據(jù)，但她以更文學化的、更生動的方式寫出來，使這本書成了美國和全世界最暢銷的書。

1.A詞意猜測題。A極度的， 過度的；B不充足的；C權威的；D有效率的。根據(jù)下文She was the first to detail how the pesticide DDT had entered the food chain and damaged populations of bald eagles可知殺蟲劑的使用進入了食物鏈，對一些動物造成了危害，由情理可知此處是指殺蟲劑的過度使用，所以A選項正確。

2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中she expressed dry facts in poetic and persuasive language.她用詩一般動聽的語言解釋一些枯燥的事實，和下文In her best-selling book Silent Spring,可知她的書很暢銷，由此推斷她書中的語言應該是人們都能讀懂的，所以A選項內容正確。

3.B主旨大意題。文章開頭介紹以作家而聞名的科學家切爾·卡遜，然后介紹她的貢獻，即通過寫作引起了人們對環(huán)境的關注，由此可知B選項內容正確。

考點：考查人物類短文閱讀。