Question

Pessimistic，anxious and depressed people may have a higher risk of dementia (癡呆)，US researchers reported on Thursday.

A study of a group of 3,500 people showed that those who scored high for pessimism on a standardized personality test had a 30 percent increased risk of developing dementia 30 to 40 years later.

Those scoring very high on both anxiety and pessimism scales had a 40 percent higher risk，the study showed.

“There appears to be a dose?response pattern.That is，the higher the scores，the higher the risk of dementia，”Dr Yonas Geda，a neuropsychiatrist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester，Minnesota who led the study，said in a statement.

Geda and his colleagues looked at the medical records of 3,500 men and women who lived near the clinic between 1962 and 1965.

They all took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory，a standard personality and life experience test，Geda’s team told a meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Miami.

In 2004，the team interviewed the participants or family members.

Those who scored higher for anxiety and pessimism on the test were more likely，as a group，to have developed dementia by 2004，including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular (血管的) dementia.

This did not mean a person who is pessimistic could assume he or she has a higher risk of developing dementia.

“One has to be cautious in interpreting a study like this，”Geda said.

“One cannot make a leap from group level data to the individual.Certainly the last thing you want to do is to say，‘Well，I am a pessimist；thus，I am doomed to develop dementia 20 or 30 years later，’because this may end up becoming a self?fulfilling prophecy (預言)．”

And there is NOT any specific way to prevent dementia，although many studies have shown that a healthy diet，exercise，keeping active in other ways，doing puzzles and other activities lower the risk.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A．It is impossible for people to avoid dementia.

B．People who always have negative feelings may have a higher risk of getting dementia.

C．If we have a healthy diet，we would have no chance of getting dementia.

D．A person who is pessimistic has a higher risk of developing dementia.

2.According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?

A．There are many ways to prevent dementia effectively.

B．A person who is pessimistic is sure to get dementia.

C．Those who lead a happy life will not get dementia when they are old.

D．Those who scored high for pessimism might have a higher risk of dementia.

3.Which of the following does NOT help reduce the risk of getting dementia according to the passage?

A．A healthy diet.? B．Proper exercises.

C．Doing puzzles.? D．Getting up early.

4.Which of the following words is not close to the meaning of the word “pessimistic”？

A．Cheerless.? B．Optimistic.

C．Unhappy.? D．Upset.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.D

4.B

【解析】

1.

解析　主旨大意題。文章第一段就點明了主題，整篇文章都圍繞悲觀、壓抑等情緒更容易使人患癡呆癥這一論斷展開。

2.2】　D

解析　細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段可知A項錯誤；悲觀者患癡呆癥的可能性會更大而不是一定會患癡呆癥，所以B項錯誤，D項正確；生活幸福的人也不一定就一定不會患癡呆癥。

3.3】　D

解析　細節(jié)理解題。最后一段提到健康飲食、常運動、猜字謎等有助于預防癡呆，而文中并沒有涉及到有關“早起床”的信息。

4.4】　B

解析　詞義猜測題。由文章知，pessimistic與anxious和depressed意義接近，而A、C、D三項與這兩個詞的意思也接近，只有optimistic意為“樂觀的”，與pessimistic意義相反。