Fish have different personalities which change as they experience life’s highs and lows．a(chǎn)ccording to British biologists．
Researchers identified different“personalities” in their fish by observing the boldness or shyness of individuals，according to The Nature．Like people，some fish are very confident in the face of novelty(新奇事物)or conflict；while others are silent and fear．
The scientists selected particularly bold and shy rainbow trout，and tested whether they changed their outlook depending on what life threw at them．They arranged some fish to fight and others to  watch to  see how both the participants  and  observers  responded to victories  and defeats．Winning or losing a fight，or even watching fellow fish overcome the difficulties influenced the future behavior of the creatures studied in the lab．
The researchers made fish compete with much larger or smaller opponents．to ensure that they would win or lose their fights．These bold fish that won their fights tended to be even bolder when later presented with  a novel food  item；losing their fight caused them to be  much more cautious．
Fish also learn by watching others．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery object were much more nervous when later given a novelty item for themselves．
Predictably，shy fish that won a fight also gained more confidence，but surprisingly，shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food，Sneddon said，adding that this could be due to what she calls a“desperado effect”(亡命徒效應(yīng))．
The new research suggests that animals can gradually adapt their personalities．The results echo the effects that life experience can have on human．
小題1:What does．the underlined word“creatures’’probably refer to?
A．Fish．B．Participants．C．Observers．D．Researchers．
小題2:The third paragraph of the text is mainly about—————．
A．a(chǎn) conclusion of the research
B．a(chǎn)n explanation of fish characters
C．a(chǎn) statement of the experiment
D．a(chǎn) description of fish fights
小題3:What can we know from the research?
A．Bold losing fish become—e bolder when presented With a novel food item．
B．Losing their fights causes the bold fish to be much more courageous．
C．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery get less nervous．
D．Shy fish losing fights grow more confident in exploring new food．
小題4:What’s the main idea of the text?’   
A．Fish have stress in the fierce fights．
B．Fish care about winning or losing a fight．
C．Fish have adaptable personalities．
D．Fish can learn a lot by watching others．

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:C

試題分析：文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，魚(yú)在生活的起伏的時(shí)候性格是會(huì)變化的。文章具體介紹了研究的過(guò)程和結(jié)果。
小題1:猜詞題：這篇文章講的是魚(yú)的事情，creatures指的是fish。選A
小題2:段落大意題：第三段講的是科學(xué)家選了一些勇敢的或害羞的鱒魚(yú)，看看贏和輸對(duì)它們有什么影響。選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第六段的句子：shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food，可知害羞的魚(yú)在輸了比賽后會(huì)更加有自信。選D
小題4:主旨題：從文章的第一段的句子：Fish have different personalities which change as they experience life’s highs and lows．可知魚(yú)在生活的起伏的時(shí)候性格是會(huì)變化的。選C
點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章還是有些難度難度的，但只要抓住主旨和文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，就很容易理解。在解答這類(lèi)問(wèn)題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，答案在文章中可以直接找到。要注意的往往是主旨題。提高概括能力。
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