Question

Scientists working on a problem do not know and sometimes can't even guess what the final result will be. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, Professor Rontgen, a German physicist, was doing an experiment in his laboratory when he noticed something extraordinary. He had covered an electric bulb with black cardboard, and when he switched on the current he saw little dancing lights on his table. Now .the bulb was completely covered; how then could any ray penetrate? On the table there were some pieces of paper which had been covered with metal salts. It was on this paper that the light was shining. Professor Rontgen took a piece of this paper and held it at a distance from the lamp. Between it and the lamp he placed a variety of objects, a book, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a door key. The ray penetrated every one of them except the key. He called his wife into the laboratory and asked her to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. She was very surprised by this request, but she held up her hand for a quarter of an hour, and when the plate was developed there was a picture of the bones of her hand and of the ring on one finger. The mysterious ray could pass through the flesh and not through the bone or the ring.

At a scientific meeting, Professor Rontgen called this ray “the unknown”, the X-ray. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used, and soon there were X-ray machines in all the big hospitals. The most obvious use for this discovery was to enable doctors to see exactly how a bone was broken. Other uses came later. It was found that these rays could be used to destroy cancer cells, just as they destroyed the healthy cells of the doctors who first used the machines. Methods were found later which ulcers (潰瘍) in the stomach could be located, and the lungs could be X-rayed to show if there was any tuberculosis (肺結(jié)核) present.

　　  1. How did Professor Rontgen discover the X-ray?

　　　　   A. He discovered it as the result of his careful-planned experiments.

　　　　   B. He discovered it by accident while he was doing an experiment.

　　　　   C. He discovered it because of his wife's good suggestion and help.

　　　　   D. He discovered it with the help of other physicists.

　　  2. According to Para. 1, what caused the strange dancing lights on Professor Rontgen's table in the laboratory?

　　　　   A. The electric bulb and the cardboard. 

　　　　   B. The current and the table.

　　　　  C. The unknown rays and the paper itself.

　　　　   D. The penetrating rays and the metal stilts.

  　　3. Professor Rontgen found that the X-ray could——.

　　　　  A. penetrate everything but metal

　　　　  B. pass through both flesh and bone

　　　　  C. penetrate only black cardboard

　　　　  D. cause the metal to shine

　　  4. Which of the following uses of X-ray are mentioned in the passage?

　　　　  1) to observe broken bones　　 2) to cut off useless damaged arms of legs

　　　　  3) to kill cancer cells　　   4) to locate ulcers in the stomach

　　　　  5) to find tuberculosis in the lungs

  6) to protect flesh and healthy cells

　　　　  A. 1) 3) 4) 5)　　 B. 1) 3) 4) 6)　　 C. 1) 2) 3) 5)　　  D. 2) 3) 5) 6)

 

Answer 1

答案：B;D;D;A
解析：

1．B。細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一句就講道，科學(xué)家們當(dāng)時并不知道，有時甚至無法猜到，他們的研究或?qū)嶒灲Y(jié)果到底是什么。言外之意，科學(xué)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)或新成果往往帶有偶然性。Rontgen教授發(fā)現(xiàn)x光的實例即證明了這種觀點。     2．D。推斷題。了解x光最初的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程后，本題要求推斷出X光的成因。首先，被卡紙板擋住的電燈之所以能有光線發(fā)出是因為桌上涂有金屬鹽的紙，普通的紙是不行的。言外之意，是metal salt引起了光線的射出。其次，由metal salt引起的光線具有穿透性，屬于penetrating rays。metal salt和penetrating rays兩者最終促使了x光的形成。     3．D。細(xì)節(jié)題。Rontgen在做實驗時發(fā)現(xiàn)，那幾張紙上的metal salt使光線發(fā)出的光在閃爍跳動。從本文我們得知，這種光線可以穿透許多物品，但穿不透骨頭和金屬(包括Rontgen妻子的戒指)。因此，選項A錯誤。根據(jù)以上信息，選項B和C也是錯誤的。     4．A。細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段談到X光可以使醫(yī)生see exactly how a bone was broken；可以用來destroy cancer cells；有了x光ulcers in the stomach could be located；有了X光the lungs could be X-rayed t0 show if there Was any tuberculosis  present。據(jù)此，選項A正確。由于選項B、C、D涉及了本文未談到2、6項內(nèi)容，所以三者均錯。

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