Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years, long before dinosaurs appeared. There are now about 360 species of sharks, whose size, behavior, and other characteristics differ widely.

Every year, we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, mostly for food and for their fins. Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup, which sells for as much as $50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong restaurants. Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear. Sharks are vulnerable(易受傷的) to overfishing because it takes most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring（后代）.

Influenced by movies and popular novels, most people see sharks as people-eating monsters. This is far from the truth. Every year, a few types of shark injure about 100 people worldwide and kill about 25. Most attacks are by great white sharks, which often feed on sea lions and other marine（海洋的） mammals. They sometimes mistake human swimmers for their normal prey, especially if they are wearing black wet suits.

If you are a typical ocean-goer, your chances of being killed by an unprovoked（非受挑釁而發(fā)生的）attack by a shark are about 1 in 100 million. You are more likely to be killed by a pig than a shark and thousands of times more likely to get killed when you drive a car.

Sharks help save human lives. In addition to providing people with food, they are helping us learn how to fight cancer, bacteria, and viruses. Sharks are very healthy and have aging processes similar to ours. Their highly effective immune system allows wounds to heal quickly without becoming infected, and their blood is being studied in connection with AIDS research.

Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts（白內(nèi)障）. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals taken from shark cartilage（軟骨）have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, research that someday could help prolong your life.

Sharks are needed in the world’s ocean ecosystems. Although they don’t need us, we need them. We are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us. For every shark that bites a person, we kill one million sharks.

1.Which of the following is NOT a reason why people kill sharks?

A．People kill sharks for food.

B．People kill sharks for sport.

C．People kill sharks out of fear.

D．People kill sharks because they often attack swimmers.

2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．There are many different species of sharks, but only a few of them are dangerous to humans.

B．Sharks never get ill.

C．Sharks are a valuable resource for human.

D．Sharks play an important role in the ocean ecosystem.

3.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.

A．movies have given people the wrong impression of sharks

B．most sharks are dangerous to humans

C．sharks will attack anyone who is wearing black

D．it is dangerous to swim in the ocean

4.The underlined word “prolong” in the last but one paragraph means ______.

A．save             B．protect           C．lengthen          D．improve

5.The best title for the passage would be _______.

A．Are Sharks Dangerous?                   B．Sharks And Humans

C．Sharks: Humans’ Friends                D．Sharks Help Save Human Lives

 

【答案】

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.C

5.C

【解析】

試題分析：文章講的人類捕殺鯊魚的原因，有一部分在于害怕鯊魚，但是鯊魚很少傷害人類，而且對(duì)人類很有益，對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也是有幫助的。

1.細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知人們殺死鯊魚是因?yàn)槭澄铮\(yùn)動(dòng)和害怕，沒有說(shuō)是因?yàn)轷忯~經(jīng)常襲擊游泳者。選D

2.細(xì)節(jié)題;從第六段的句子：Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts（白內(nèi)障）.可知鯊魚很少得癌癥和白內(nèi)障，但不是說(shuō)鯊魚就不會(huì)得病。選B

3.細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：Influenced by movies and popular novels, most people see sharks as people-eating monsters.可知是電影給了人們對(duì)鯊魚的錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)。選A

4.猜詞題：從前面的句子：Chemicals taken from shark cartilage（軟骨）have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals,鯊魚軟骨里面的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以殺死癌細(xì)胞，可知是延長(zhǎng)人的壽命。選C

5.主旨題:文章講的是鯊魚很少傷害人類，而且對(duì)人類很有益，對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也是有幫助的，也就是鯊魚—是我們的朋友。選C

考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文

點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章講的人類捕殺鯊魚的原因，有一部分在于害怕鯊魚，但是鯊魚很少傷害人類，而且對(duì)人類很有益，對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也是有幫助的。做這類短文要加強(qiáng)整體意識(shí)，把握文章的主要內(nèi)容。在閱讀的時(shí)候可給段落標(biāo)上序號(hào)，并給重要的句子和關(guān)鍵詞做上記號(hào)，尤其是各段中心句，為答題提供更快捷更多的信息源。

 

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