Question

Below is a selection from a popular science book.

If blood is red, why are veins (靜脈) blue? Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison. Which works harder, your heart or your brain? That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker（超級油輪）. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it. Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups? Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed（腐爛）and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off. Do old people shrink（收縮）as they age? Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved. Why does spinning make you dizzy)? Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not. Where do feelings and emotions come from? Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system（邊緣系統(tǒng)）. All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet. If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you? Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy, it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

 

1.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?

A. Blue         B. Light yellow

C. Red                 D. Dark reddish purple

2.Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?

A. Because their spine is in active use.

B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.

C. Because they keep growing backwards.

D. Because their spine becomes more bent.

3.Which of the following statements about our brain is true?

A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.

B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.

C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.

D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.

4.What is the main purpose of the selection?

A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.

B. To provide information about our body.

C. To challenge new findings in medical research.

D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.D

2.D

3.A

4.B

【解析】

試題分析：你知道我們身體的一些秘密嗎？比如血液是紅色的，但為什么靜脈看起來卻是綠色的？等等問題，讀完本篇你就會找到答案。

1.D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第二句Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color.很容易判斷出選Ｄ。

2.D考查細節(jié)理解。從第九段的when they do get shorter, it’s not because the spine has shortened a little. Or more often, become more bent and curved.可知老年人變矮不是因為他們的脊柱變短，更多的原因是因為他們的脊柱變彎曲。所以D選項正確。A選項的內(nèi)容文中沒有提及；B選項不符合文中的內(nèi)容They simply lose height as their spine（脊柱）becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity（重力）；C選項的內(nèi)容與文中的描述相反。

3.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句But in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.可知Ａ項正確。通過第五段最后一句But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’removing while you’re not可知當(dāng)我們突然停止旋轉(zhuǎn)時才會感到眩暈，所以Ｂ項錯誤；通過第六段最后一句But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.可知Ｃ，Ｄ兩項錯誤。

4.B考查推理判斷。本篇的寫作意圖就是讓我們了解我們的身體，為我們提供一些基本的信息，故Ｂ項正確。

考點：考查社科類閱讀。