BEIJING—Eating at a Beijing restaurant is usually an adventure for foreigners, and particularly when they get the chance to order “chicken without sex life” or “red burned lion head”.
Sometimes excited but mostly confused, embarrassed or even terrified, many foreigners have long complained about mistranslations of Chinese dishes. And their complaints are often valid(有效), but such an experience at Beijing’s restaurants will apparently soon be history.
Foreign visitors will no longer, hopefully, be confused by oddly worded restaurant menus in the capital if the government’s plan to correctly translate 3,000 Chinese dishes is a success and the translations are generally adopted.
The municipal(市政) office of foreign affairs has published a book to recommend English translations of Chinese dishes, which aims to help restaurants avoid bizarre translations. “It provides the names of main dishes of famous Chinese cuisines in plain English,” an official with the city’s Foreign Affairs office said. “Restaurants are encouraged to use the proposed translations, but it will not be compulsory.” It’s the city’s latest effort to bridge the culture gap for foreign travelers in China.
Coming up with precise translations is a daunting task, as some Chinese culinary(烹飪) techniques are untranslatable and many Chinese dishes have no English-language equivalent. The translators, after conducting a study of Chinese restaurants in English-speaking countries, divided the dish names into four categories: ingredients, cooking method, taste and name of a person or a place. For some traditional dishes, pinyin, the Chinese phonetic system, is used, such as mapo tofu(previously often literally translated as “beancurd made by woman with freckles”), baozi(steamed stuffed bun) and jiaozi(dumplings) to “reflect the Chinese cuisine culture,” according to the book.
“The book is a blessing to tourist guides like me. Having it, I don’t have to rack my brains trying to explain Chinese dishes to foreign travellers,” said Zheng Xiaodong, a 31-year-old employee with a Beijing-based travel agency.
“I will buy the book as I major in English literature and I’d like to introduce Chinese cuisine culture to more foreign friends,” said Han Yang, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics.
It is not clear if the book will be introduced to other parts of China. But on Tuesday, this was the most discussed topic on weibo.com, China’s most popular microblogging site.
【小題1】What’s the best title of the passage?

A．An adventure for foreigners who eat in Beijing.
B．Confusing mistranslations of Chinese dishes.
C．Chinese dishes to have “official” English names.
D．The effort to bridge the culture gap.
【小題2】 “chicken without sex life” or “red burned lion head” are mentioned in the beginning of the passage to show              .
A．some Chinese dishes are not well received
B．some Chinese dishes are hard to translate
C．some Chinese dishes are mistranslated
D．some Chinese dishes are not acceptable
【小題3】What measure has the municipal office taken?
A．Recommending a book on Chinese dishes.
B．Advocating(提倡) using precise translation for Chinese dishes.
C．Publishing a book on China’s dietary habits.
D．Providing the names of main Chinese dishes.
【小題4】What’s the meaning of daunting in paragraph 5?
A．confusingB．disappointingC．discouragingD．Worthwhile


【小題1】C
【小題2】C
【小題3】B
【小題4】C

解析試題分析：本文介紹了在北京，對(duì)中文菜肴的錯(cuò)誤翻譯導(dǎo)致了外國(guó)客人的誤解，最后北京政府出臺(tái)了官方的建議菜肴名。
【小題1】C 主旨大意題。本文討論的主要是中國(guó)的菜肴有了英文名，就不再會(huì)有這樣那樣的尷尬了。故C正確。
【小題2】C 推理題。根據(jù)第二段1,2行Sometimes excited but mostly confused, embarrassed or even terrified, many foreigners have long complained about mistranslations of Chinese dishes.說明這些中文的菜名被錯(cuò)誤的翻譯了，故C正確。
【小題3】B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段1,2行The municipal(市政) office of foreign affairs has published a book to recommend English translations of Chinese dishes, which aims to help restaurants avoid bizarre translations.說明現(xiàn)在官方采用了統(tǒng)一的菜名并建議大家都使用，故B正確。
【小題4】C 推理題。根據(jù)本句Coming up with precise translations is a daunting task,以及本段內(nèi)容說明這是一個(gè)不容易的事情，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)的菜肴里含有太多難以翻譯的東西。故C正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查新聞報(bào)告類短文
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文對(duì)考生的要求較高，要在閱讀理解整體語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知。立足現(xiàn)在，猜測(cè)未來。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：2010-2011年廣東省梅州市曾憲梓中學(xué)高一下期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：完型填空

Nine 1700­year­old brick tombs have been discovered in northwest China’s Xinjiang. Experts say that they can   1  valuable clues for the research of exchanges(交換；交流) between the central Chinese government at that time and    ___2  Western Regions.
It is the    3  time ancient tombs with typical characteristics of China's main Han nationality have been found in the Uygur ethnic region(自治區(qū))．
    4   from Beijing，Shanxi and Xinjiang concluded that the tombs were  ___5___ between the middle and late third century and fourth century.
The tombs were unearthed during the   6  of a road earlier this year in Kuqa county,740 km from Xinjiang's capital Urumqi and part of the   7  Qiuci State. Qiuci State，which   8  between the second century BC and 860 AD，was one of the 36 states in the Western Regions.
The tombs would help archaeologists with research into the political，economic and cultural   9   between the Central Plains government and states in the west，and on the cultural     10  of the Central Plains on the Western Regions.
Archaeologists from the Xinjiang institute have dug nine tombs since August 22，___11   bodies of more than 30 people，some ancient   12  and more than 60 pottery(陶器)jars. It is thought there are another three tombs to be    13  .
The people buried in the tombs were    14  either people from the western regions deeply influenced by the Han culture or the Han residents(居民)in the    ___15  .

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【小題1】
A．
tell
B．
provide
C．
show
D．
represent
【小題2】
A．
nearby
B．
middle
C．
faraway
D．
few
【小題3】
A．
second
B．
last
C．
first
D．
near
【小題4】
A．
Scientists
B．
People
C．
Officials
D．
Archaeologists
【小題5】
A．
built
B．
found
C．
buried
D．
studied
【小題6】
A．
construction
B．
destruction
C．
digging
D．
repair
【小題7】
A．
ancient
B．
big
C．
far
D．
near
【小題8】
A．
appeared
B．
disappeared
C．
lies
D．
existed
【小題9】
A．
exchanges
B．
businesses
C．
development
D．
studies
【小題10】
A．
model
B．
atmosphere
C．
influence
D．
change
【小題11】
A．
finding
B．
destroying
C．
studying
D．
protecting
【小題12】
A．
paper
B．
silk
C．
pearls
D．
coins
【小題13】
A．
moved
B．
dug
C．
studied
D．
picked
【小題14】
A．
surely
B．
probably
C．
certainly
D．
nearly
【小題15】
A．
west
B．
country
C．
region
D．
tomb


			


			

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				科目：高中英語(yǔ)
				來源：湖北省黃岡市黃州區(qū)一中2010屆高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬考試
				題型：閱讀理解
			


						

第三部分閱讀理解（共20小題。每小題2分，滿分40分）
　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Events took place around the world last week to celebrate International Women’s Day.
The March eighth observance came as thousands of delegates from one hundred thirty countries met at the United Nations in New York. They discussed progress on a plan of action for women's equality. The document was approved ten years ago at a conference in Beijing.
It calls for improved health care for women, along with economic and political gains. It also calls for efforts to reduce human rights violations against women.
In Asia last Tuesday, there were demonstrations against unfair treatment of women.
In Washington, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice held a Conference of Women Leaders. Laura Bush, the president's wife, spoke at the event which had representatives from fifteen Muslim nations. The first lady praised recent political gains for Muslim women.
In Afghanistan, for example, President Hamid Karzai has appointed the first female governor of a province. In Iraq, women hold almost one-third of the 249 seats in the newly elected National Assembly. And Missus Bush noted that nearly half the voters in the Palestinian presidential election were women.
International Women’s Day began in nineteen ten in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was designed to build support for voting rights for women worldwide. Missus Bush noted that it took American women many years to be recognized as full citizens with the right to vote.
Last week, just before International Women Day's, hundreds of women and men demonstrated in Kuwait to demand the right for women to vote. The government urged parliament to act quickly to debate such reforms.
Also last Monday, Human Rights Watch released a report on sexual violence by soldiers and members of armed groups in eastern Congo. The New York-based group says tens of thousands of women and young girls have been raped and beaten. Yet it says almost all the crimes have gone without punishment.
51．According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
A. The document on women’s equality has not been approved yet.
B. Muslim women’s rights have been improved.
C. Palestinian women are totally equal now.
D. Kuwait women urged government to reform.
52. About how many women have been elected into National Assembly?
A. 166      B. 83        C. 249        D. 124
53. You can most probably read the text in ________.
A. a textbook    B. a magazine    C. a newspaper    D. a biology book
54. What’s the best title of the text?
A. International Women’s Day
B. Women’s equal rights
C. How to ensure women’s equal rights
D. How do people celebrate International Women’s Day


			


			

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				科目：高中英語(yǔ)
				來源：廣東省揭陽(yáng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2009-2010學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試試題（英語(yǔ)）
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Four in 10 Chinese complain about the great gap between large investments in education and its returns, a recent nationwide survey has showed.
The Horizon Research Consultancy Group polled 3,355 residents aged 16 to 60 in both urban and rural areas, including Beijing and Shanghai.
The survey found that only 16 percent of respondents believed their investments on education gave good returns.
Those with higher education voiced greater disappointment at the quality of education received, the survey showed.
People in the rural areas generally gave more positive feedback（反饋）on the quality of education than those from the cities, the survey found.
"Our education has been focusing on an examination-oriented system," Huo Qingwen, the deputy director of language education testing service center under the Beijing Foreign Studies University, told China Daily yesterday.
"The survey result doesn't surprise me, as I had heard complaints not only from the students, but also from the teachers who have been asked to focus more about the exam-passing rate," Huo said.
"The job market is still hungry for talented staff, but many graduates are not competent(勝任的) because the posts require more practical experience and creative ability of workers," Huo added.
Most university graduates prefer jobs in large cities, causing an imbalance in human resources between urban and rural areas, Hong said.
The graduates would get better job options if they chose to work at the grassroots (基礎(chǔ)的) level because of the government's preferential policies, including the waiving of tuition for those willing to work in the country's rural and western regions, he added.
About 580,000 graduates last year found county- or village-level jobs, and more than 550,000 got jobs in the central and western regions, Ministry of Education figures showed.
"Because many graduates focus only on jobs with high salaries and that are directly relevant to their specialties, they miss other good work opportunities," Kong Xiang, a Beijing graduate who works as an English teacher in a college located at a remote area in Yunnan province, said.
The recent survey showed that education costs form one-quarter of an urban family's income, while it forms one-third of a rural family's income.
46．According to the passage, most people think that _______
A. the investments in education gave them good returns.
B. the investments in education don’t bring them good results.
C. college students are satisfied with their the education received.
D. People in the cities are more satisfied with the quality of education than those in the rural areas.
47．Which of the following is NOT mentioned?
A. China’s education has been focusing on an examination-oriented system .
B. Both the teachers and students are asked to pay more attention to the exam-passing rate.
C. The job market now does not lack university graduates.
D. Most university graduates enjoy hunting jobs in large cities.
48. What would happen to the graduates if they chose to work at the grassroots level?
A. They would get higher salaries.                        B. They would get lower salaries. 
C. Their tuition would be free.                           D. They would get better job choices.
49. How much does the education cost according to the survey ?
A. One-third of a family's income.
B. one-quarter of a rural family's income.
C. 25% of an urban family's income.
D. Three in ten a rural family's income.
50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage.
A. The gap between investments in education and its returns
B. Education and university graduates
C. China’s higher education
D. Education costs


			


			

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				科目：高中英語(yǔ)
				來源：安徽省銅陵三中2009-2010學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試試題（英語(yǔ)）
				題型：閱讀理解
			


						

 The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
 Sources at the Beijing People’s Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city’s laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of municipal (市政的) centers which supervise (監(jiān)督) property management, household mending and installation, and house keeping services. Modern city life is creating a need for industrialization home services. This will create job opportunities for laid-off workers, said vice director of the Social Judicial Committee of the Conference.
 Beijing residents have long desired a home service industry. The demand is expected to drive new economic growth. There are few high quality home help services in Beijing and customers are always complaining.
 In the past, few laid-off workers in Beijing desired to work as home helpers, jobs largely taken by young women from the countryside. At the same time, some city residents have not felt safe trusting rural girls with modern household machines or with their small children. Many people would pay more for reliable house keepers who are more familiar with city life, but they have had no way of getting one, even though the city is home to thousands of laid-off workers.
 By the end of June this year, there were 30,600 jobless workers in the city. Most of them are women in their 40’s, who are not blessed with particular skills and who have had their work ethics (準(zhǔn)則) shaped by the planned economy. Many of them were at a loss when they first realized they had lost their jobs and a way of life they had got used to for decades. They never imagined being laid off by state owned enterprises; they never considered other kinds of employment. For them, the private sector (部門) meant taking risks; house-keeping implied lower social status. Gao Yunfang, 44, is a pioneer who is breaking the ice. She sells the Beijing Morning Post in the morning, and works at two households in the afternoon. She earns 1,000 yuan per month. So she no longer worries about her daughter’s tuition at a university in Shanghai.
1. What is talked about in the passage?
 A. Home service.          B. Modern city life.              C. Laid-off workers.      D. Social status.
2. What does the word “ laid-off” in the passage mean?
 A. Heavily-burdened.    B. Old                          C. Inexperienced.          D. Jobless.
3.    Why didn’t the laid-off workers like to do home services in the past?
 A. Low salary.                                                        B. Lower social status.  
C. Dirty working condition.                              D. Too much extra work.
4.    Why were many laid-off workers at a loss?
 A. Because they didn’t get used to the new way of life.     
 B. Because they are too old to find a new job.
 C. Because they dislike being laid off. 
D. Because they think they lost their social status.


			


			

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				科目：高中英語(yǔ)
				來源：福建省廈門大學(xué)附屬科技中學(xué)2009-2010學(xué)年度高二第二學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷
				題型：閱讀理解
			


						
.
第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A, B, C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
During an exhibition show the skills of disabled people, an armless man used his mouth and feet to repair a watch. He completed the task in just a few minutes at the show, which was held in Beijing last Saturday. Just imagine the tiny parts that make up a watch. You have to wonder how the disabled man developed such a skill.
It was reported that 28-year-old Wang Jianghai lost his arms in an accident when he was five and began learning to repair watches at the age of 17. He has repaired more than 10,000 watches in the past 11 years. 
What strong self-confidence he must have to overcome the difficulties in getting this skill! What optimism he must have to face the unfairness of his hard life! And what strong determination he must have to go through the hardship in his struggle for a normal life! Such confidence, optimism and willpower are exactly the qualities many physically healthy people lack nowadays. Wang has set a good example for young people. 
But today's youth seem to be more interested with their TV stars and pop singers but less interested in learning from the examples of working and studying hard to achieve higher goals. . That is undoubtedly the result of the influence of a changing social atmosphere. One must admit that there is a trend towards hedonism in our society. People are increasingly more concerned about material gains than about spiritual pursuits. While adults know they must work hard whatever way they choose to materialize the gains, the younger generation are more likely to seek ease and comforts of their senses.
This pleasure-seeking trend provides a huge market for the entertainment industry and the mass media. The media devote excessive too much coverage to anecdotes of pop and TV stars, which in turn fans wider and stronger enthusiasm for entertainment among the public, especially young people. 
Ours is a developing country. Global competition in the growth of national strength presents a demand for China to be quicker in its development. We cannot afford to lose time. We need to make our economy more powerful. To meet this need, all of us should maintain our tradition of working hard and overcoming difficulties. 
56. A particular mention made of Wang Jianghai’s story in the first two paragraphs _____.
 A. serves as a description of the trend today  
B. serves as an introduction to the discussion
 C. shows a disagreement of views    
D. show the popularity of the TV stars and pop singers
57. Which of the following is the reason for young people’s increasing interest in entertainment?
 A. Young people are taught by adults to seek pleasure of senses.
 B. Young people have given up our traditional value of hard working completely
 C. Young people are not interested in learning from the examples of hard working at all.
 D. Young people are far too much influenced by too much entertainment news in media.
58. The underlined word “hedonism” (paragraph 4) means “________”.
 A. a material                                                 B. spiritual gains
C. thinking pleasure is the most important            D. amusement


			


			

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