The early lack of exposure to science ，technology，engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性別）balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.
While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle ，but it’s the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys ，on the other hand, get on their path ，and are encouraged to do so， generally earlier than girls. For example ，boys are more often given science sets as toys ，which spark an interest in these subjects.
In school 3 boys are often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people ? a country，and a planet，we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths，they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.
Our bias(偏見)toward girls9 either from families or from schools ，is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it. Although the situation Has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years，there is still a sense that girls aren't as good at math 9 for instance 9 even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.
It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them， we are limiting the potentials of our youth，both male and female. Providing the necessary resources， exposure , and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.
小題1:According to the passage ? not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because______.
A．girls are not as good at STEM as boys
B．girls do not like to take science classes
C．girls get fewer chances to know about STEM
D．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions
小題2:The underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refers to______
A．our biasB．our cultureC．the situationD．a(chǎn) sense
小題3:The main purpose of the passage is to______.
A．show women’s potentials in STEM fields
B．praise women’s contributions to STEM fields
C．describe the present gender bias in STEM fields
D．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields
小題4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:D

試題分析：本文介紹了沒有很多女性進入STEM領(lǐng)域工作，是因為她們沒有什么機會接觸這方面的知識。是由于我們的文化導致對女性的偏見，呼吁多一些女性參與STEM領(lǐng)域的工作。
小題1:細節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：While at home，girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do.可知沒有很多女性進入STEM領(lǐng)域工作，是因為她們沒有什么機會接觸這方面的知識。選C
小題2:猜詞題：我們的偏見扎根于文化，以至于我們都沒有意識到這種偏見。選A
小題3:推理題：從最后一段的句子：Providing the necessary resources， exposure , and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.可知文章呼吁在STEM領(lǐng)域多一些女性。選D
小題4:文章結(jié)構(gòu)題：文章第一段提出話題：現(xiàn)在女性在STEM領(lǐng)域的很少是因為早年沒有接觸到這方面的知識。第二段講的是在家里的情況，第三段是在學校的情況，第四段把上兩段總結(jié)起來說，第五段是這篇文章的總結(jié)。選D
點評：本文介紹了沒有很多女性進入STEM領(lǐng)域工作，是因為她們沒有什么機會接觸這方面的知識。是由于我們的文化導致對女性的偏見，呼吁多一些女性參與STEM領(lǐng)域的工作。這類文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰易懂，。集中考查了句意理解題和細節(jié)題，要求考生有較強的細節(jié)理解能力。做題時也可以結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷。文章結(jié)構(gòu)圖的解答關(guān)鍵是弄清每段的大意。
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B．Mike is happier but weaker than John.
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In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sex typical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.
If children’ s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists’ claim, in which their parents give “gender appropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.
小題1:Traditional sociologists believe boys’ and girls’ toy preferences ________
A．a(chǎn)re passed down from their parents
B．a(chǎn)re largely formed in later life
C．have nothing to do with gender socialization
D．have a biological origin
小題2:The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________
A．a(chǎn)lso have a sex typical toy preference
B．a(chǎn)lso play toys as humans do
C．have no toy preferences
D．like to play different toys at different time
小題3:Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________
A．find more evidence for traditional sociology
B．test the intelligence of monkeys
C．test whether monkeys like to play toys
D．find out why boys and girls prefer different toys
小題4:According to the study, if given a stuffed dog, _______
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B．the female monkeys showed more interest
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We may have hosted some difficult house guests once or on even more occasions. Are you still worrying about how to deal with them? Here below are some tips on how to deal with those difficult house guests.
You’ve been waiting an hour to eat breakfast but your guests are still sleeping.
“Unless you adjusted a time for breakfast the evening before, let your guests sleep-in and enjoy your breakfast without them. If possible, keep their breakfast warm. Or better yet, when entertaining it’s always a good idea to have cold breakfast (as well as lunch, dinner and snack) food on-hand.”
——Pamela Eyring，president and director of The Protocol School of Washington
Your guest’s teenage son is a Facebook addict and hogs your computer all day long.
“If you have a guest whose fingers are fixated to your keyboard, kindly let him know that you are expecting work email and give him enough time to finish using it.”
——Ummu Bradley Thomas, founder of the Freddie Bell Jones Modeling and Finishing School, Inc.
Your couch surfing, unemployed nephew has been here a month and is showing no sign of leaving.
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——Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas
Your guests expect you to accompany them to every single tourist attraction in your city. It’s tiring and expensive.
“If your guests didn’t offer to treat you, politely decline and offer to meet them afterwards for dinner or drinks. That way they know you enjoy their company.”
——Pamela Eyring, president and director of The Protocol School of Washington
You gave your friend a closet shelf for her stuff but her clothes are thrown all over the place.
“You should simply say ‘I am happy to have you use my closet but your clothes seem to have a mind of their own. Would you mind keeping your clothes on the top shelf? It would make it easier for me to find my things when I am in a rush and looking for them. Thank you.’”
——Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas
小題1:According to Ummu Bradley Thomas, which of the following is the best way to deal with the guests?
A．Kindly explaining to him you need to use the computer.
B．Politely asking him to stop using the computer at once.
C．Introducing other toys to him to play with.
D．Simply letting him keep using the computer as he likes.
小題2:The passage gives the following tips EXCEPT that _______.
A．declining the guests’ requests if you hate to accompany them everywhere
B．reminding them to keep their clothes on the top shelf
C．trying to offer at least one dish based on his or her preferences
D．keeping their breakfast warm or having cold breakfast food on-hand
小題3:Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．How to Entertain Your Guests
B．How to Keep Good Personal Relations
C．How to Find the Best Solution
D．How to Deal with Difficult House Guests
小題4:In which section of a magazine can we most probably see this passage?
A．ScienceB．SocietyC．EconomyD．Education

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