Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.



As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.
They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.
Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused short-sightedness in animals.
Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans.
A study of almost 300,000 young adults─the largest of its kind─showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January. Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen, causing short-sightedness.
Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.
The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.
In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.
Sight expert Professor Daniel O’Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said “At the moment we don’t know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming short-sighted.”
55. Babies born in summer are more likely to be short-sighted ____________.
A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies
B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs
C. if they are exposed to much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born
D. if parents don’t know a proper way to protect their babies’ eyes
56. Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.
A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted
B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays
C. make our body strong
D. protect babies’ eyes from summer sun
57.   From what Professor Daniel O’Leary says we can conclude that ___________.
A. there is no evidence that short-sightedness is related to exposure to sunlight
B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved
C. he believes that light exposure can cause short-sightedness
D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight
58.   The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage probably means __________.
A. easy to be harmed                          B. resistant
C. protective                                     D. changeable
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


（2）When I was six, I went to a local grade school．In grade school, I was __36__ the other kids because of my speech and reading __37__．All the kids would shout, “You are a dummy, you are a dummy,” and so on．I thought they were __38__ because all my grades showed it．I had no self-confidence．
Through the first five years of grade school, I was small and very clumsy．I would __39__ cups and trays in the cafe, and sometimes __40__ myself and fall onto the floor when I walked．In sixth grade, I became interested in __41__．The class had its annual field day．Each class would have its own teams __42__ against each other．I went out for all of the __43__．I was not the best __44__ I was not bad．The thing that I could do was run and run fast．This __45__ the other kids because I was so clumsy, and then __46__ a lot more name-calling from the kids．When somebody else won a race, the kids told how __47__ he was．When I won, they called me __48__; I did not know why they were doing this．I think that it was unfair, and it __49__ me．
Between seventh and eighth grade, I started to __50__．In three months, I grew seven inches．At the start of eighth grade, I began to play football．I was much bigger than everybody else; I was __51__than most of the backs we played against．The other team would not __52__ the ball towards me, so I just ran them __53__．It was the first time in my life that I was really good at something and __54__ it．It was a new feeling of __55__．
36．A．a(chǎn)bove       B．before      C．behind      D．a(chǎn)mong
37．A．materials  B．questions  C．skills     D．problems
38．A．right     B．wrong      C．rude     D．foolish
39．A．clean     B．drop     C．keep     D．serve
40．A．trip      B．help     C．enjoy     D．hurt
41．A．studies      B．sports       C．programs  D．matches
42．A．stand     B．fight     C．quarrel     D．compete
43．A．teams       B．subjects    C．tests     D．grades
44．A．because    B．if         C．but       D．a(chǎn)nd
45．A．interested  B．shocked    C．delighted  D．disappointed
46．A．happened  B．continued  C．made     D．came
47．A．famous     B．good     C．happy       D．strange
48．A．names      B．numbers   C．classmates D．leaders
49．A．frightened B．a(chǎn)shamed   C．hurt      D．worried
50．A．progress   B．change      C．grow     D．play
51．A．faster          B．firmer      C．cleverer    D．harder
52．A．push     B．run       C．hand     D．catch 
53．A．back     B．down     C．off       D．a(chǎn)way
54．A．judged      B．recognizedC．decided     D．knew
55．A．courage    B．sadness     C．pride     D．regret

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


B
It was evening when my parents and I ventured across Nemeiben Lake, in Northern Saskatchewan. This vast lake had a unique reputation as being the best fishing and tourist resort.
With the boat undocked and the gear and luggage stored beneath the security of the seats, we set off into the setting sun at 8:30.
Unlike my parents , I had never been on a fishing boat before and was captivated(迷住) by the speed and grace in which it traveled through the waves. The lake was deserted as the sky began to darken and looked more threatening by the minute.
Suddenly the boat hit something with such a force that we all fell over in our seats. The whole boat shook for a moment, before water started to trickle slowly over stern. My father went to the back and after many attempts to start the engine, he began to look very worried. The water was now rushing in at a much faster rate, tipping the boat at an awkward angle.
We tried our best to hold on to something. The worst was yet to come. With our life jackets secured and fastened, we waited as the boat sank deeper into the water. We were soon immersed in the chilly depths. The biting cold was more terrifying than anyone could imagine.
My parents, who were dressed in floater jackets, clung desperately to each other, trying to keep their heads above water. I, on the other hand, wasn’t so fortunate. A strong gust of wind blew briskly across the lake, bringing with it, torrential rain and threatening thunderstorms. The strong waves carried me on into the night. The waves continued to pound violently, forcing me underwater.
The following morning a fisherman found us. By that time, our body temperatures were twenty-four degrees, which meant we were nearly dead. Later investigation showed that we had been in the water for fifteen hours.
60. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. An exciting experience my parents and I had
B. A disappointing experience my parents and I had
C. An adventurous experience my parents and I had
D. A strong experience my parents and I had
61. Unlike the other lakes in Northern Saskatchewan, the Nemeiben Lake____________.
A. was the most dangerous and threatening lake
B. was most famous for fishing and tourism
C. was the largest and deepest in this area
D. had a good reputation for its wildlife
62. What is the reason which caused the accident?
A. Because of the thunderstorms
B. Because the boat sank.
C. Because the boat hit something with force.
D. Because we had no life jackets

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


This is why Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo came back.
The Chinese pair finally won the Olympic gold medal that eluded （避開） them for so many years Monday night, a prize so compelling it lured（誘使）them out of the cozy life of a happily retired married couple. It wasn’t the best skate of their career, but it was good enough for gold and that was all that mattered.
Their score of 216. 57 points was more than three points ahead of teammates Pang Qing and Tong Jian. When Shen and Zhao finished their routine, Zhao knelt to the ice, burying his face in his hands while his wife patted his back. He pumped his fist several times while she smiled, her grin was so bright it could light up the entire arena（圓形運(yùn)動場）.
Aliona Savchenko and Robin Szolkowy of Germany dropped to the bronze medal after a flawed free skate.
It’s the first time since 1960 that a Russian or Soviet couple isn’t atop the Olympic platform, ending one of the longest winning streaks in sports. Perhaps even more shocking, the Russians are leaving empty - handed, with no medals of any color.
Shen and Zhao, bronze medalists at the last two Olympic Games, retired after winning their third title in 2007.  They got married, and lived the easy life of retirees, doing shows and appearances. But something was missing--that gold medal.
1. Which statement is WRONG according to paragraph one?
A. It was the Chinese pair who eventurelly won the Olympic gold medal.
B. The Chinese pair performed the excellent skate of their career.
C. The Chinese pair have been living a comfortable life.
D. The Chinese pair don’t get along well with each other.
2. From paragraph two and three, we can learn ________.
A. Shen and Zhao’s efforts paid off at last
B. Shen was so tired that she knelt to the ice
C. Pang and Tong won the bronze medal
D. The German pair ranked the second place
3. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “grin” ?
A. wide smile     B. happy laugh       C. excited feeling     D. happiness
4. What can we know from the passage?
A. The Soviet pair also got some medals in the Olympic.
B. Shen and Zhao retired in 2007 and got married after they got their silver medal.
C. It’s the gold medal that lures them back to the Olympic.
D. The German pair always performed well during the competition.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


IV. 閱讀理解（30%）
The future is time that is to come. The future is not the present or the past. It is later. We have seen many possible futures in science fiction. They range from the world’s polar ice caps melting to nuclear winters. But not all futures are this morbid. We have seen the human race spread all over our universe, humans and aliens living in harmony together all over the universe.
It is very likely that we will make some kind of breakthrough in our ability to travel through space sometime in the next 150 years. This would give us the ability to rule other planets. Ultimately, the earth will die whether it be 1,000 years or 100,000 years. We will be forced to move to another planet then. It’s really just a matter of time. When we do so, what will we discover?
Personally, I think everyone will be speaking the same language in 200 years. A world government definitely seems to be in our future. It is stable and has few wars. Indeed, the only type of wars that can happen is the civil war.
And what if we face aliens? If they are friendly, we would probably benefit a lot from putting our knowledge together. They must have advanced technology to travel for great distances. We could seriously benefit from their technology. But if they aren’t friendly, then we are in trouble. Hope that we have become advanced enough, smart enough, and generally a better race by the time we meet them. But this is all probably being discussed for nothing, because any race out there among the stars is probably as curious as we are about other creatures.
1. The underlined word in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by ___________.
A. unpleasant         B. shocking           C. expected            D. serious
2. What will humans do if the earth dies?
A. Humans have to face death.                    B. Humans will travel and live in space.
C. Humans will move to another planet.             D. Humans will go back to the past time.
3. According to the author, the following statements are right about aliens EXCEPT that _________.
A. we can learn from aliens if they are friendly
B. when aliens arrive, humans will be smarter than them
C. aliens may be as curious as we human beings about other planets
D. aliens have more advanced technology than us
4. After reading the passage, we can know that the passage is based on_________.
A. scientific facts                   B. time and space
C. advanced technology               D. the author’s imagination

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


II. 完形填空
Sometimes a small thing during your childhood can leave a lasting impression. The event happened one day when we were having  16  after shopping. I was glad to see there were so many  17  dishes on the table except for a plate of peas.
I can’t  18  why so many people like to eat peas. But I do not like peas at all.
“Eat your peas,” my grandmother said. “Mother,” said my mother in her  19  voice, “he doesn’t like peas.” My grandmother did not  20  , but there was something in her eyes that    21   she was not going to  22   . She said slowly but firmly, “I’ll pay you five dollars if you eat those peas.” I didn’t know what to do then. I only knew that five dollars was a good amount of money. I began to  23  the awful things down my throat.
With a  24  smile on her face, Grandmother said, “I can do what I want to, Ellen, and you can’t   25  me.” My mother glared at me. No one can glare like my mother. The glares made me nervous, and every single pea made me want to  26 . Finally I swallowed the last pea. My grandmother   27  me the five dollars with a smile.  28   , my mother continued to glare  29   .
That night, at dinner, my mother  30  two of my all-time favorite dishes, beef and potatoes. Along with them  31  a big, steaming bowl of peas. She offered me some peas, and I    32  ， “Mum, I don’t like peas,” I said.
“You ate them for  33  ,” she said. “You can also eat them for love.” “But, I ...” What could I say to refuse my mother? There was  34 . I had no choice but to eat the peas. The five dollars were quickly  35 . But the story of the peas lives on to this day.
16.  A. tea              B. lunch          C. coffee        D. supper
17.  A. delicious     B. perfect    C. expensive       D. colorful
18.  A. believe        B. agree      C. understand    D. forgive
19.  A. violent        B. angry      C. unattractive         D. warning
20.  A. analyze       B. reply         C. insist        D. resist
21.  A. proved        B. suggested   C. wondered     D. advised
22.  A. give up       B. give in    C. allow for        D. leave alone
23.  A. conduct       B. digest         C. absorb    D. force
44.  A. greedy        B. disappointed  C. satisfied     D. sensitive
25.  A. prevent       B. master    C. scare           D. arrange
26.  A. put forward   B. set out   C. throw up      D.break through
27.  A. spared         B. borrowed    C. showed      D. handed
28.  A. But             B. However     C. So         D. Though
29.  A. in silence      B. with excitement
C. in surprise      D.with doubt
30.  A. chose       B. gathered           C. served         D. ordered
31.  A. arrived        B. appeared      C. came            D. went
32.  A. smiled        B. refused      C. accepted      D. admitted
33.  A. Grandmother  B. lunch      C. Mother            D. money
34.  A. no one        B. nothing     C. anything       D. everything
35.  A. saved       B. used            C. spent       D. lost

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Your mobile phone rings and instead of the usual electronic signals it’s playing your favourite music．A friend sends your favourite song to cheer you up．One day，a record company might forward new records and music videos to your phone．
The mobile business is getting into the music business．For the moment，the interest is in pleasant ring tones，but some companies are hoping to take full advantage of the next generation of mobile phones—all purpose gadgets that blend phone，personal stereo，video player and Internet browser into one．
Finally，record companies might send new records and videos to fans who register their cell phone numbers．
The fans could pass music or songs along to friends—a kind of musical trading card．Unlike Internet tracks，mobile downloads would be easy for record companies to control，said former record industry official Ralph，Simon，who is now chairman of Yourmobile，based in Santa Monic，California．
“If you pass a song along to other phones through a network，each phone can be charged，” said Simon．“It’s like going through toll gate (收費(fèi)站)．There’s more possibility for copyright control than there is on the Internet．”
Massachusetts-based Converse is offering service in Portugal and the Netherlands that lets people record tunes on their voice mail or send music as presents to friends．Finally，people might be able to sing karaoke and pass them along．The company is sure that people will want to use music to reach out and touch someone．
“A mobile phone is not a listening machine，and you’ll be disappointed if you think you can change it into a radio，” said Ouzel，a creative manager for Converse in Israel．“But if someone sends you a song while you’re on vacation，you appreciate the feeling．”
72．The underlined word “blend” in the second paragraph most probably means _____．
A．send                B．come               C．mix                 D．compare
73．“Massachusetts-based Converse”in the sixth paragraph probably refers to ______．
A．a(chǎn) person                                      B．a(chǎn) city in Israel        
C．a(chǎn) state of the USA                    D．a(chǎn) company
74．Record companies ______ the idea of passing songs and music along mobile phones．
A．a(chǎn)re worried about                         B．a(chǎn)re interested in
C．try hard to stop                             D．take no notice of
75．According to Ralph Simon it would be easier to _______ through mobile phone network than through the Internet．
A．protect copyright of music works   B．send personal messages
C．pass along songs and music            D．send voice mail

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Watching bison up close is fascinating, like watching a grass fire about to leap out of control. With their huge, wedge-shaped heads and silver-dollar-size brown eyes, the 2,000-pound animals are symbols of another place and time. More than 100 bison now roam the 30,000-acre American Prairie Reserve in eastern Montana — the first time they’ve inhabited that region in a century. Direct descendants of the tens of millions of bison that once populated the Western plains, they represent an epic effort： to restore a piece of America’s prairie to the national grandeur that Lewis and Clark extolled two centuries ago. During that famous expedition across the Western states to the Pacific, the two explorers encountered so many bison that they had to wait hours for one herd to pass.
In order to protect what’s here and reintroduce long-gone wildlife (something the World Wildlife Fund is helping with), the American Prairie Foundation began purchasing land from local ranchers in 2004. It now owns 30,000 acres and has grazing privileges on another 57,000. Its goal over the next 25 years is to assemble three million acres, the largest area of land devoted to wildlife management in the continental United States.
Already, herds of elk, deer, and pronghorn antelope roam the grasslands, where visitors can camp, hike, and bike. Cottonwoods and willows are thriving along streams, creating habitats for bobcats, beavers, and other animals.
Not everyone shares APF’s vision. Some residents of Phillips County (pop. 3,904) worry that the area could become a prairie Disneyland, overcrowded with tourists. But the biggest obstacle is the ranchers themselves, whose cattle compete with prairie dogs and bison for grass and space.
“People like me have no intention of selling their ranches,”says Dale Veseth, who heads the Ranchers Stewardship Alliance of 35 families in Phillips County and whose family has been ranching here since 1886.“They’ve been a labor of love through the generations.”Instead, he wants APF to pay or subsidize ranchers to raise bison. This would be far less costly for the foundation, he argues, than buying the land directly.
63．If you go to the American Prairie Reserve in eastern Montana, you will see ________.
A．the burning fire moving across the grassland
B．hundreds of bison travelling through the prairie
C．tens of millions of bison occupying the farmland
D．groups of experts examining the dead bison
64．What measures have been taken to protect the wildlife by APF?
A．They have borrowed much money and developed new habitat.
B．They have hired many farmers to raise bison on their farms.
C．They have turned grassland into Disneyland to attract tourists.
D．They have bought large land from farmers for bison to live on.
65．The underlined word“subsidize”in this passage means ________.
A．give money to         B．borrow money from
C．provide land to     D．exchange land with
66．Which would be the best title for this passage?
A．The exciting scenery in eastern Montana
B．Great changes in raising bison in America
C．The return of the American prairie
D．The challenge in protecting the grassland

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

    Who’s in control of your life? Who is pulling your string? For the majority of us, it’s other people – society, colleagues, friends, family or our religious community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course．We were brainwashed．We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us．As Oscar Wilde puts it，“Most people are other people．Their thoughts are someone else’s opinions，their lives a mimicry(模仿)，their passions a quotation．”
So when people tell us how wonderful we are，it makes us feel good．We long for this good feeling like a drug—we are addicted to it and seek it out wherever we can．Therefore，we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives，failing to do the things we really want to．Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting theirfix(一劑毒品)，we worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval．
But just as with any drug，there is a price to pay．The price of the approval drug is freedom--the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think．People have their own agenda，and they come with their own baggage and，in the end，they’re more interested in themselves than in you．Furthermore，if we try to live by the opinions of others，we will build our life on sinking sand．Everyone has a different way of thinking，and people change their opinions all the time．The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process．
So how can we take back control? I think there’s only one way--make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think．We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values—not values imposed from the outside by others，but innate values which come from within．If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others，we will live a more authentic，effective，purposeful and happy life．
67．What Oscar Wilde says implies that        ．
A．we have thoughts similar to those of others
B．most people have a variety of thoughts
C．other people’s thoughts are more important
D．most people’s thoughts are controlled by others
68．What does the author try to argue in the third paragraph?
A．Changing opinions may cost us our freedom．
B．We may lose ourselves to please others．
C．We need to pay for what we want to get．
D．The price of taking the drug is freedom．
69．It can be concluded from the passage that         ．
A.  it’s better to do what we like
B．we shouldn’t care what others think
C．we shouldn’t change our own opinions
D．it's important to accept others’ opinions
70．The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his arguments mainly by      .
A．a(chǎn)nalyzing causes and effects         
B．providing examples and facts
C．discussing questions               
D．making suggestions

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