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What is the difference between a college and a university? This is a good question for students who want to attend a college or a university in the United States.
Colleges and universities have many things in common. Both provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. Both provide education in the arts and sciences. And both can help prepare young people to earn a living.
Students who complete their undergraduate studies either at a four-year college or a university receive a bachelor’s degree. One difference is that many colleges do not offer graduate studies.
Universities are generally bigger, offer more programs and do more research. Modern universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university” comes from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common purpose. The word “college” comes from a Latin word with a similar meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live in. Usually each group of students was studying the same thing. So college came to mean an area of study. But a college can also be a part of a university. The first American universities divided their studies into a number of areas and called each one a college. This is still true.
Programs in higher learning may also be called schools. The University of Arizona in Tucson, for example, has 18 colleges and 10 schools. They include the colleges of pharmacy (制藥學), education, engineering and law. They also include the schools of architecture, dance and public administration.
College is also used as a general term for higher education. A news report might talk about “college students” even if they include students at universities. Or someone might ask, “Where do you go to college?”
Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. These are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They include language, philosophy and mathematics. The purpose is to train a person’s mind instead of teaching job skills.
小題1:The passage is probably written to _________.
A．persuade students to go to college instead of schools
B．tell students the differences between colleges and universities
C．help students make a better choice of what kind of colleges they should go to
D．inform students about how much they are going to spend in going to college
小題2:When the term “college students” appears in a newspaper, it may refer to ________.
A．only students studying in colleges
B．students studying in colleges in the USA
C．only students studying in universities
D．students receiving higher education
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Both universities and colleges include different schools.
B．The purpose of liberal arts is to train a person’s job skill.
C．Both universities and colleges can help prepare students to make a living.
D．Most American universities have 18 colleges and 10 schools.
小題4:The area of study called liberal arts is designed to _______.
A．get students ready to earn a living
B．teach students subjects from engineering to philosophy
C．help students achieve a stronger and clearer mind
D．encourage more students to begin the study of arts

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:C

試題分析：本文敘述了college 和university的由來。并陳述了現(xiàn)在社會上兩者存在的不同點。
小題1:這是作者意圖題。根據(jù)What is the difference between a college and a university? This is a good question for students who want to attend a college or a university in the United States. ，作者寫這篇文章的目的是向準備在美國留學的學生解釋college和university的異同的。故選B。
小題2:這是細節(jié)理解題。文章倒數(shù)第二段解釋了college students現(xiàn)在普遍指的是接受高等教育的學生。故選D。
小題3:這是細節(jié)理解題。Colleges and universities have many things in common. Both provide a greater understanding of the world and its past. Both provide education in the arts and sciences. And both can help prepare young people to earn a living. college和university都能給學生提供教育，幫助他們?yōu)橐院笤鯓又\生做準備。故選C。
小題4:這是細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The purpose is to train a person’s mind instead of teaching job skills.”可得知答案C。
點評：閱讀理解題目中的作者意圖題目可以包括意圖、態(tài)度、目的題目，在考試中出現(xiàn)的比率很大。不同的文章可能有不同的寫作意圖,但寫作意圖通常有以下三種：1）to entertain readers（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑） 2) to persuade readers（說服讀者接受某種觀點）3) to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）
根據(jù)文體類別推斷寫作目的這就要求我們了解在歷年高考閱讀題中，不同文體與三種寫作意圖類型的大致對應關系，這有助于做好此類試題。第一種寫作意圖（to entertain readers）常見于故事類的文章。第二種寫作意圖（to persuade readers，to sell a product or a service），或是要通過對旅游景點﹑報刊雜志﹑影片﹑電視節(jié)目等的介紹來達到他的寫作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）。第三種寫作意圖（to inform readers）多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章，了解這類文章的寫作目的有賴于對文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時有必要找準文章的主題句，或較好地對主題加以歸納�！�
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A. Most songs about spring are written by Italian composers.
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小題1:What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A．The Carnival of Brazil is often held after Easter.
B．The Carnival of Brazil comes from Easter and Saturnalia.
C．The Carnival of Brazil is a festival to regret and begin a new life.
D．The Carnival of Brazil is mainly to celebrate the birth of Christ.
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A．About 100 years.B．Less than two centuries.
C．About 370 years.D．Over five centuries.
小題3:Which of the following statements is TRUE about the blocks in Rio de Janeiro?
A．They are always wearing costumes or special T-shirts with themes or logos.
B．They always parade through countryside villages singing and dancing.
C．There are no more than 50 blocks today.
D．They don’t parade before the show.
小題4:What is the passage mainly about?
A．The famous carnivals in the world.
B．How the carnival was introduced in Brazil.
C．The carnival in Rio de Janeiro.
D．The happy life of the people in Rio de Janeiro.

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