Britons Learn to Forgive
LEEDS, England ─ A Leeds University psychology （心理學(xué)） professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies．
“The hatred we hold within us is a cancer,” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease．
More than 70 people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London ─ a course he says is the first of its kind in the world．
These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory．They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart．
The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight．
The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hatred in these people．“People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said, “People confuse forgiveness with forgetting．Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one．”
Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed．
“The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with,” said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project．
Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people “want to get free of the past”．
小題1:From this passage we know that _________．
A．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred
B．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors
C．without hatred, people will have less trouble connected with blood pressure and heart
D．people who suffer from high blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies
小題2:In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can ________．
A．meet their enemies　B．change their attitudes towards bitterness
C．enjoy the professor’s speechD．learn how to quarrel with others
小題3:If you are a member in Hart’s workshop, you’ll ________．
A．pay much money to HartB．go to the workshop every night
C．a(chǎn)ttend a gathering twice a month D．pour out everything stored in your mind
小題4:The author wrote this passage in order to ________．
A．persuade us to go to Hart’s workshop
B．tell us the news about Hart’s workshop
C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s 　
D．help us to look at various kinds of angers

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:B
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive． ”
David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, “These are often celebratory riots— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly． ”
Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel anonymous — no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality．”
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小題1:Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs? 
A．There’s a connection between violence and sports
B．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol．
C．There are many reasons for violence at sports events．
D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion．
小題2:Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?
A．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy． ”
B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing． ”
C．“There are so many of us and not enough of them． ”
D．“ No one knows I’m doing this． ”
小題3:How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?
A．Two．B．Four．C．Three．D．Five．
小題4:The last paragraph is mainly about ______．
A．how to turn games into big parties
B．why to install cameras in stadiums
C．how to prevent violence at sports events
D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly
小題5:What lesson can we learn from this passage?
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B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet．
C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something．
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The bar-tailed godwit （斑尾鷸）has just broken its own record for the world’s longest non-stop flight, including humans in planes, according to a report made by Lund University Press. The bird can fly non-stop for eight days, while the most impressive man-made airplane can only remain in the sky for 82 hours without a stop.
The bar-tailed godwit’s journey, from Alaska to New Zealand, covers over 6,835 miles. It completes this trip twice a year, in autumn going to New Zealand, and in spring back to Alaska. The tireless bird ends the trip without stopping once for food or rest. All other birds can only finish trips that are twice as short as what the bar-tailed godwit travels.
One reason for the bar-tailed godwit’s success is that it has made the best use of its fuel, which is only 0.41 percent of its body weight over each hour of any given long flight. Hedenstrom, a professor from Lund University, says, “This figure is extremely low compared with other birds.” The bird also has a special body shape that helps it fly easily. It stores body fat and protein to manage its trips. It also travels fast, compared to other birds and animals.
Many questions remain about this bird record holder that never gets lost in the air. Researchers wonder whether it has an inside compass (指南針) that helps it to know the direction. Please watch how beautiful bar-tailed godwits look as they come in for a landing, along with other birds.
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A．doesn’t need to stop to eat
B．is afraid of hot weather
C．seems very tired at last
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小題2:The main reason why the bar-tailed godwit can break the record is that it ______.
A．eats little food every hour
B．has a special body shape
C．stores much water in its body
D．has very light body weight
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A．researchers have understood the bird very well
B．the bird has a very good sense of direction
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One of the big challenges that students face in applying to universities abroad is writing the application essay．
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You can try and guess what the admissions officers like. But that won’t work．The essay will sound empty and become another dull piece of writing，which admissions officers get thousands of each year．
It is true that admissions officers aren’t exactly looking for anything. The answer is just as open-ended as the question itself. If they ask for someone who has inspired you, it could be anyone. It could be a grandmother, a teacher, or even a character from a movie. A lot of people will say their dad. But since you really feel it, you’ll have a lot to write about.
There are some important things to remember．These admissions officers want good writers. You don't have to be Ernest Hemingway, but you have to be able to form an interesting story．That means revision(校對(duì))and editing，cutting out stupid grammar mistakes，reading it over several times，leaving it for a few days and looking at it again. Whatever you do, make sure the essay is as good as possible.
Also，you should use exciting language and really make the reader feel the same passion as you do. It also means finding something unique about your point of view, something that other people might not think of．For example，if you want to write about your dad, you can focus on a specific anecdote(趣聞)about him .Admissions officers love personal stories that ring true．
小題1:The purpose of the passage is to give advice on how to_________.
A. choose an essay topic                                   B. read the officers’ minds
C. be a good writer                                          D write an effective application
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A．stick enough stamps before posting your application essay
B．write something unique in an essay to impress the readers
C．take the task of showing off yourself seriously
D．pay attention to your personal essay
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A．know about your family membersB．understand you better
C．find out what your father does D．discover your personal affairs
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Fish Ears Tell Fish Tales
　 Fish have ears. Really. They’re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths (耳石).
　 As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸鈣). By looking through a microscope and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish’s age, just like the growth rings of a tree.
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　 The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring.
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　 In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles.
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A．They are small soft rings.
B．They are not seen from the outside.
C．They are openings only on food fish.
D．They are not used to receive sound.
小題2:Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?
A．Trees gain a growth ring each day.
B．Trees also have otoliths.
C．Their growth rings are very small.
D．They both have growth rings.
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A．The elements of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea.
B．Chemical contents of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim.
C．We can know more about fish and their living environment.
D．Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is.
小題4:How would you understand “fish scientists are now lending their ears”?
A．They are very interested in Thorrold’s research findings.
B．They want to know where they can find fish.
C．They lend their fish for chemical studies.
D．They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Toucans(巨嘴鳥), a kind of tropical birds known for its colorful beak, are very smart. In Mexico, my dad became friends with a toucan that was in a “walk in and see the birds” cage. The toucan was so smart that it knew how to get out. It just needed some human to help it. It almost flew out while we were leaving!
I also noticed that all toucans have different beaks! They also have very long unique beaks with an extremely long tongue. It struts(大搖大擺地走) around with its chest sticking out and beak pointed forward. The toucan is a beautiful bird! The beak has a red tip (different shades on every one), but sometimes there is a little turquoise on the bottom half. Then, right where the beak separates there is a splotch of yellow. And the rest of the beak is green. The toucan takes very much pride of itself.
The toucan eats fruit and seeds. The ramphastidae(the toucan family) is known for its long beak, and 37 species. Toucans also feed on insects, small lizards, bird nestlings and eggs. They nest in hollow trees where they incubate and care for their young.They are found in the woody areas.
Of the various toucan facts, here is an odd one. Citizens of Central and South America associate the toucans with evil spirits. They think the birds can be the personification of evils. Where couvades(父代母育) is practiced, the father of a new child must not eat toucan flesh as it is believed to bewitch the new-born child. Yet the toucan can also be a tribal totem(圖騰). So the medicine men use it as a symbol to fly to the spirit world.
60. 小題1:Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe toucans?
A．IntelligentB．ConfidentC．DangerousD．Colorful
61. 小題2:The second paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A．where toucans strut aroundB．how toucans get food
C．what toucans look likeD．when toucans lay eggs
62. 小題3:What does the underlined word“incubate”probably mean in paragraph 3?
A．Hatch eggsB．Take coverC．Gather strengthD．Keep warm
63. 小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.
A．a(chǎn)ll citizens of Central and South America are afraid of toucans
B．the toucans can also be used as medicine to cure diseases
C．a(chǎn) new child must not eat toucan flesh because it is poisonous
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

 Many different tribes live in the Ituri rain forest of Africa, but the Pygmies are the most unusual. Most of the men are not much more than four feet tall. They weigh only about eighty pounds. The women are even smaller and thinner. But in spite of the fact that they are small, these people are perfectly formed men and women.
It is an exciting experience to visit a Pygmy encampment for the first time. Before you go, you must send word ahead that you are coming. Some friendly native or trader must take the message to the Tiki-Tikis. Otherwise the whole tribe will disappear into the depths of the jungle long before you have come close enough to be welcomed.
The great Ituri rain forest seems cut off from the rest of the earth. There are living, dead, and dying trees on every side. Except where a clearing has been burned and chopped out, a man may live his whole life in the Ituri and never see farther than twenty yards.
It takes sharp eyes to discover the almost hidden path to the Pygmy camp. The path is no wider than a small man’s foot. No sound breaks the silence in this part of the forest. There are no signs of people.
The stranger must walk carefully. What appears to be a bent branch may prove to be a deadly snake. A spotted gold patch of sunlight may be a crouching leopard(豹).
Even the Pygmy camp comes as a surprise. The leafy shelters in which the little people live are hardly three feet high. They look so much like the surrounding undergrowth that they might easily be passed by. These houses contain no furniture of any sort. The beds are merely plantain leaves spread out on the earth floor. There are no cooking pots: food is eaten raw or smoked over a fire. Spears, bows and arrows are the only possessions of these people. When the tribe moves to a new camp there is nothing to carry except these weapons and babies too small to walk.
小題1:According to the passage, we can conclude _____.
A．the Pygmies are the shortest tribe worldwide
B．the Pygmies are short but normal in mentality
C．most of the Pygmy men are more than four feet
D．the Pygmies live in the forest of America
小題2:Paragraph 2 mainly suggests that the Pygmies ______.
A．a(chǎn)re unwilling to communicate with people outside
B．a(chǎn)re very cruel and they will kill you with the spears
C．a(chǎn)re friendly to the tourists visiting them for the first time
D．move so fast and often that can’t be caught up with easily
小題3: Which of the following word can describe the life of Pygmy?
A．Quiet.B．Active. C．Hard.D．Busy.
小題4:Which of the following is TRUE of the Pygmy?
A．Their houses can’t be easily found in the hurt rain forest.
B．Their houses, which are three feet high, are made of wood.
C．Weapons and cooking pots are their most valuable possessions.
D．They are living in harmony with dangerous animals around.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning， they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on do them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed。
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索) for knowledge？Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.                                
小題1:The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ______.
A．it is one of the most difficult school courses
B．students spend endless hours in reading
C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading
小題2:The teaching of reading will be successful if ______.
A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable
小題3:The underlined word “scrutiny” most probably means “______”.
A．inquiryB．observationC．control D．suspicion
小題4:According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______.
A．children become highly motivated
B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D．reading enriches children’s experience

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago; but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. To pollute mean to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in a place, men moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad to all living things in the world, but it is not only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop the people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from blowing dirty smoke into the air.
The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must keep careful of the rise in pollution at the same time.
小題1:Our world is becoming much smaller ___________.
A．because the earth is being polluted day and night.
B．thanks to science developing.
C．because of the rise in pollution
D．because the earth is blown away by the wind every year.
小題2:Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here “it” means ___________.
A．water pollutionB．a(chǎn)ir pollutionC．noise pollutionD．rubbish
小題3: Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because __________.
A．it’s bad to all living things in the world.
B．it makes us become angry more easily.
C．it has made our rivers and lakes dirty.
D．it makes much noise.
小題4:Which of the following is not true?
A．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people.
B．From now on, maybe people try to go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike. It is helpful to fight against the pollution of SO2.
C．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world’s pollution does.
D．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.

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