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Believe it or not, optical illusion(錯覺) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金會) for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive (too great) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards (danger) are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
小題1:The passage mainly discusses ________.
A．a new way of highway speed control
B．a new pattern for painting highways
C．a new way of training drivers
D．a new type of optical illusion
小題2: On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________.
A．they should avoid speed-related hazards
B．they are driving in the wrong lane
C．they should slow down their speed
D．they are coming near to the speed limit
小題3: The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________.
A．can keep drivers awakeB．can cut road accidents in half
C．will look more attractiveD．will have a longer effect on drivers
小題4:The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________.
A．try out the Japanese method in certain areas
B．change the road signs across the country
C．replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons
D．repeat the Japanese road patterns
小題5:What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
A．They are suitable only on broad roads.
B．They are falling out of use in the United States.
C．They are ignored in a long period of time.
D．They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:A
小題5:C

為了控制車速，減少交通事故，美國決定在公路上畫人字形標志。
小題1:主旨題。通讀全文，我們可以知道，在高速公路上畫各種線是為了讓司機覺得車速過快，從而達到控制車速的目的。
小題2:細節(jié)題。由But stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.可知C項正確。
小題3:推斷題。由最后兩段對比可知，人字形線比直線、平等線對控制車速有更長久的影響。
小題4:細節(jié)題。根據paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country，可知他們在精心挑選的幾條路上試驗日本的模式。
小題5:推斷題。根據 However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars 可知。
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