Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret. Can science help?
Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists(心理學(xué)家)are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they are a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional centre is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasia, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains , and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasia thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choice, which we use to help the present decision-making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
All emotions affect our thinking and motivation（動機(jī)），so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there is one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.
小題1:According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?
A．To think about happy times.
B．To make many decisions at a time.
C．To stop feeling regretful about the past.
D．To learn about the process of decision-making.
小題2:What does the underlined word “central” mean?
A．中心的B．中央的C．起決定作用的D．后悔的
小題3:Damasia’s study suggests that ________.
A．emotions are the enemy of decision making.
B．our brain has nothing to do with decision making.
C．people with physical damage find it hard to make up their minds.
D．our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions.
小題4:Why are angry shoppers more likely to choose the first thing they are offered?
A．They often forget their past choices.
B．They make decisions without much thinking.
C．They tend to save time when shopping.
D．They are too angry to bargain.
小題5:What do we learn from the text?
A．Emotions are a part of decision-making.
B．Sad people always make worse choices.
C．No emotion seems to help us make good choices.
D．Only sad feeling affect our thinking and motivation.

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:B
小題5:A

試題分析：本文敘述了影響我們做決定的因素。心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為心理思考的過程可能幫助我們做出更好的決定。研究表明人的大腦對要穿什么和吃什么不能做出基本的決定。情緒對做決定的影響只是一部分，但是在某種情緒的影響下做出的決定會影響結(jié)果，因此我們要避免在他們的影響下做出決定。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists(心理學(xué)家)are finding may help us all make better choices.可知心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為心理思考的過程可能幫助我們做出更好的決定。故選D。
小題2:詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing.可知我們的生活中充滿選擇，因此選擇是每個人生活的重要東西，是核心，故選B。
小題3:推理判斷題。根據(jù)University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasia, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains , and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat.可知Damasia的研究表明人的大腦對要穿什么和吃什么不能做出基本的決定。故選B。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.可知憤怒使我們不會思考很多就很快作出決定，故選B。
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they are a part of it.可知情緒對做決定的影響只是一部分。故選A。
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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Fishing is a popular activity and every fisherman knows the rule: Keep the big ones, throw the smaller ones back. The idea behind Lt is simple - the larger fish are probably older. If you keep the smaller ones, they won’t be able to reproduce, and the fish population is in danger.
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小題4: What is the author’s intention in writing this article?
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B．To urge governments to change the rules of fishing.
C．To describe the results of a scientific experiment.
D．To introduce the rules of fishing to readers.

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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Information card
Three kinds of main pollutions today
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小題2:.
小題3:
A serious worldwide problem we’re going to face
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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Computers can injure(傷害)you. Most other injuries happen suddenly．For example，if you fall off a bike and break your arms, it happens very quickly. But computer injuries happen slowly．
You probably know how to ride a bike safely. Now learn to use a computer safely．

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When you use a computer, the window should be on your left or your right. If it is behind you, the light will reflect on(反射)the screen. If the window is in front of you，the sun and the screen will both shine into your eyes．
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Enjoy your computer, but use it safely．
                 Title:  How to use a computer safely
Different
小題1: of your body
Causes of the injuries
Some 小題2: of keeping you away from computer injuries
 
Your eyes
◆Too much light can injure your eyes
◆Don’t sit too close to a computer screen．
◆Your eyes should be  小題3:         50 centimeters from the screen．
◆ 小題4: to look away from the screen sometimes．
 
Your    小題5:    and wrists
◆You  小題6:  them in the same way hundreds of times.
◆You use a keyboard for a long time.
◆小題7: your wrists on something.
◆Keep your elbows at the same       小題8: as the keyboard．
◆Exercise your hands, wrists and fingers in different ways．
 
Your back
◆You sit for many hours   小題9:  a computer．
◆ You sit in the wrong way.
◆You should keep your back             小題10:when you sit．
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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。（共10分，每小題2分）
Confidence is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude. A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chance to make themselves successful. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions:
Speak loud   When you are not confident, you can’t do well what you want to do. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.
Play sports   Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. A strong body helps you be full of confidence.
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Get rid of (消除) fear  Fear comes along with failure. But it’s easy to overcome (克服) if you know that failure is part of your life. Don’t hide your head just because you said something stupid last time. Try to start again and believe you can do better.
Pick up a hobby   If you like singing, sing as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.
小題1:Is confidence important in daily life?
小題2:How many suggestions can help you to be more confident?
小題3:Which can help you be more confident, speak in a low voice or speak loud?
小題4:How can you encourage yourself?
小題5:What’s the passage mainly about?

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科目：初中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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A．toB．a(chǎn)boutC．withD．in
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