Toys are something that can be used for play.  60  . Playing with toys is often thought to be an enjoyable way of training children for life. Toys and games are important when children are growing up and learning about the world around them. Before 1970, most toys were made of metal and wood.  61  . Toys include balls, plastic cars and dolls. Some people think video games are also toys.

  62   . The beginning of the word “toy” is not known. However, it is thought that it was first used in the 14th century. The earliest toys were often made from rocks, sticks or clay（粘土）.  63   . In old Rome, children played with dolls made of clay, sticks and yo-yos. In ancient Greece, girls were asked to give up the toys to the gods when they were about fourteen years old. They would offer their dolls in a temple on the day they got married.

A. Toys were invented many years ago

B. Toys are usually played with by children and pets

C. Toys should have names

D. But now they are mostly made of plastic (塑料)

E. In old Egypt, children played with dolls made of stone and wood

      60. B    61. D     62.  A    63. E

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We live in a noisy world. Young and old alike are troubled by sounds over which we may have little or no control: car and house alarms, motorcycles, loudspeakers, even movie previews.

We attend rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events at which the music is so loud that you can hardly hear the person sitting next to you. At home, televisions, stereos and computer games are often turned up so loud that listeners cannot hear a doorbell or a telephone.

As if environmental noise were not enough, now we surround children with noisy toys and personal listening devices that can permanently damage their hearing. A series of studies conducted in 2002 indicated that even moderate (緩和的) background noise can interfere with how they learn language. In fact, children in classrooms on the noisy side of a school had lower reading scores than those whose classes were on the quiet side.

Noise-induced (噪音誘發(fā)的) hearing loss can come about in two ways: from a brief exposure to a very loud noise or from consistent exposure to moderate-level noise. Thus, there is much concern about the lasting effects of MP3 players that are turned up loud enough to block out surrounding sound, like street noise. An MP3 player at maximum volume produces about 105 decibels（分貝）— 100 times as severe as 85 decibels, where hearing damage begins.

So, before buying noise-making toys, parents would do well to listen to how loud they are. If the item comes with a volume control, monitor its use to make sure it is kept near the lowest level. Consider returning gifts that make loud noises, or disable the noise-making function. Children who play computer games and stereo equipment should be warned to keep the volume down. Most iPads have a control that allows parents to set a maximum volume.

Avoid taking children to loud action movies. If you do go and the sound seems deafening, ask the management to turn down the volume or insist on your money back.

The League for the Hard of Hearing urges parents to encourage participation in quiet activities, like reading, doing puzzles, making things with construction toys, playing educational computer games, drawing and painting, and visiting libraries and museums.

Noise And Children’s Hearing

Fact about noise

We live in a world of noise which   1.    people and is free of   2.   .

The  3.   that noise causes

We find it hard to hear others in a noisy   4.  .

Noisy toys and personal listening devices can permanently

    5.   children’s hearing.

Two  6.  of noise-induced hearing loss

People are  7.  to loud noise for short time or to moderate-level noise for long time.

 

Advice for parents

They should pay attention to how   8.   the noise-making toys are and the returning gifts.

They shouldn’t   9.   their children to loud action movies.

They should encourage their children to  10.   in quiet activities.

 

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Play is the basic business of childhood, and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy（嬰兒）, every child needs opportunity and right materials for play, and the main tools of play are toys. The main function of toys is to suggest, encourage and play. To succeed in this, they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back again and again. Therefore, it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child’s development.

In recent years, research on baby development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach, within the range of his inherited（遺傳的）abilities, is largely determined in the first three years of his life. So a baby’s ability to benefit from the right play materials should not be underestimated. A baby who is encouraged, talked to and shown things and played with, has the best chance of growing up successfully.

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Until the age of seven or eight, play and work mean much the same to a child．But once reading has been mastered, then books become the main source of learning. Toys are still interesting and valuable, which lead up to new hobbies, but their significance has changed to a child of nine or ten years old, toys and games mean, as to adults, relaxation and fun.

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B.    Children like playing, but they don’t need any toys.

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D.    Children should be given the same toys as they grow up.

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A．when he is two             B．when he is around four

C．when he is six              D．when he is eight

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A. Toys.      B. Books.    C. Jigsaws.   D. Paintings.

3. What is the article mainly about?

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B．The choice of toys for children.

   C．The importance of pre-school education.

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閱讀下面材料，完成相關(guān)任務(wù)，每空一詞。
                                        Harrods 
    Welcome to the biggest store in Europe-Harrods!
    If you want to go shopping in London, the best place is Harrods. 
    ★ Harrods is in one of the most expensive areas of London, Knightsbridge. 		                     
     ★Harrods sells everything. You can buy anything here-even a plane or an elephant!
     ★Harrods is one of the busiest shops in London. Nearly 35,000 people come to the shop every
day and more than 4,000 people work here.
     Harrods is a big shop. It can be difficult to find what you are looking for. Yesterday an Italian
girl, Alice, went to Harrods and bought a watch and some chocolate. She found the things with the
help of the store guide.
Harrods STORE GUIDE
LG stationery
G the food hall/men's shoes/watches
1. ladies fashion/ladies shoes
2. Harrods pet shop/books/magazines and
    newspapers/travel
3. musical instruments/electric goods
4. toys/children's wear/young fashion
5. sports/hair and beauty
G: ground floor; LG: lower ground floor

Harrods
 KNIGHTSBRIDGE
87-135 Brompton Road, London SWIX 7 XL
Telephone 020 7730 1234
VAT No. 629 2734 23
www.harrods.com
Date Assistant Ref No.
06/03/08 22927 T0376-000002
Harrods watch ￡9.98
Harrods chocolate ￡6.50
Total:    ?    

                                                                                                              (Alice's Receipt)
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4. The receipt shows how much Alice paid for the things she bought. The total price was ￡_______.
    Which note did she pay with? _______ (A or B)
     A.  B.
5. Suppose Alice was on LG in Harrods, write down two things she might buy. _______ _______

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