18、把下列各式分解因式:
(1)x4-7x2+1;
(2)x4+x2+2ax+1-a2
(3)(1+y)2-2x2(1-y2)+x4(1-y)2
(4)x4+2x3+3x2+2x+1
分析:(1)首先把-7x2變?yōu)?2x2-9x2,然后多項(xiàng)式變?yōu)閤4-2x2+1-9x2,接著利用完全平方公式和平方差公式分解因式即可求解;
(2)首先把多項(xiàng)式變?yōu)閤4+2x2+1-x2+2ax-a2,然后利用公式法分解因式即可求解;
(3)首先把-2x2(1-y2)變?yōu)?2x2(1-y)(1-y),然后利用完全平方公式分解因式即可求解;
(4)首先把多項(xiàng)式變?yōu)閤4+x3+x2++x3+x2+x+x2+x+1,然后三個(gè)一組提取公因式,接著提取公因式即可求解.
解答:解:(1)x4-7x2+1
=x4+2x2+1-9x2
=(x2+1)2-(3x)2
=(x2+3x+1)(x2-3x+1);

(2)x4+x2+2ax+1-a2
=x4+2x2+1-x2+2ax-a2
=(x2+1)-(x-a)2
=(x2+1+x-a)(x2+1-x+a);

(3)(1+y)2-2x2(1-y2)+x4(1-y)2
=(1+y)2-2x2(1-y)(1+y)+x4(1-y)2
=(1+y)2-2x2(1-y)(1+y)+[x2(1-y)]2
=[(1+y)-x2(1-y)]2
=(1+y-x2+x2y)2

(4)x4+2x3+3x2+2x+1
=x4+x3+x2++x3+x2+x+x2+x+1
=x2(x2+x+1)+x(x2+x+1)+x2+x+1
=(x2+x+1)2
點(diǎn)評(píng):此題主要考查了利用分組分解法分解因式,解題關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)所給多項(xiàng)式,有兩項(xiàng)的平方和,或有兩項(xiàng)的積的2倍,只需配上缺項(xiàng),就能用配方法恰當(dāng)分解.
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