用鹽水做漱口劑能起到消炎殺菌的效果.小明同學(xué)按醫(yī)生的吩咐配制100克質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為20%的氯化鈉溶液.
(1)配制溶液需完成以下三個(gè)步驟.
①計(jì)算:需要氯化鈉為
 
克,水為
 
毫升.   
②稱量    
③溶解
(2)配制過程中有哪些情況會(huì)導(dǎo)致所得溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)偏小?
 

A.食鹽中有雜質(zhì)                     B.稱量時(shí)使用了生銹的砝碼
C.用量筒量取水時(shí),仰視讀數(shù)         D.配制完成后移取液體時(shí)有部分濺出.
分析:(1)根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù);溶劑質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量-溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量計(jì)算;
(2)A、根據(jù)食鹽中有雜質(zhì)則食鹽的質(zhì)量就小于20g和溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量
溶液質(zhì)量
×100%,導(dǎo)致配制的溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)偏小分析;
B、根據(jù)砝碼生銹后稱取食鹽的實(shí)際質(zhì)量大于20g和溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量
溶液質(zhì)量
×100%分析;
C、根據(jù)量筒讀數(shù)仰視量取的水的體積大于所需水的體積和溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量
溶液質(zhì)量
×100%分析;
D、根據(jù)溶液的均一性和穩(wěn)定性分析判斷.
解答:解:(1)所需氯化鈉的質(zhì)量為:100克×20%=20g;所需水的質(zhì)量為100g-20g=80g合80mL;
(2)A、食鹽中有雜質(zhì)則食鹽的質(zhì)量就小于20g,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量
溶液質(zhì)量
×100%,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量小了導(dǎo)致配制的溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)偏;
B、砝碼生銹后稱取食鹽的實(shí)際質(zhì)量大于20g,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量
溶液質(zhì)量
×100%,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量大了導(dǎo)致配制的溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)偏大;
C、量筒讀數(shù)仰視量取的水的體積大于所需水的體積,溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=
溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量
溶液質(zhì)量
×100%,溶液質(zhì)量大了導(dǎo)致配制的溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)偏小;
D、溶液是均一穩(wěn)定的,所以配制完成后移取液體時(shí)有部分濺出,濺出的和剩下的都和原溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)相同;
故答案:(1)20;(2)80;(3)A和C.
點(diǎn)評(píng):了解并會(huì)運(yùn)用溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)分析解答相關(guān)問題是解決問題的關(guān)鍵.
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